
Class '^Sh. 

Book_ 



'-fj^i 



GopghtN" 



COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT, 



SSi 



SYSTEM OF SHORTHAND 



IN WHICH 



THE VOWELS ARE EXPRESSED IN THE 



CONSONANT STEMS 



BY MAKING THE LATTER OF DIFFERENT LENGTHS. 



BY 



JOHN T. PORTER, PITTSBURG, PA. 
NOV 10 ^896 






^ 



^% 



A\ 



Copyright, 1SS5. 

John T. Porter, 

Pittsburgh. 



POinER'S SCHOOL OF STEM-VOWEL SHOimiAND, 

Cor. Liberty Avenue ;uul Sixtli Street, 

PiTTSI'.UKGII. 



STEM-VOWEL SHORTHAXD. 

Stem-A^owel Shorthand is a simple, scientific system without 
word -signs, in which the exact sound of every syllable is expressed 
with absolute accuracy by making the consonant stems of different 
lengths, and is the only method by which one person can read 
another's notes. 

It has the unqualified approval of every stenographer who has 
ever EXA^IINED it, and they all unanimously recommend it as 
the system for beginners. 

The only opposition it is meeting with is from Principals of 
business colleges and their teachers of shorthand, whose business 
it is injuring. 

Owing to the wonderful inventions of late years, however, both 
business and social life is undergoing a transformation, old methods 
are giving place to new, and those sticklers for ancient methods 
must either conform to the new order of things or find themselves 
brushed aside, and entirely out of the race in the great march of 
improvement. 

The inventor of Stem-Vowel Shorthand, having been for many 
vears a Graham ^^riter, and an ofticial reporter in the Courts of 
Pennsvlvania. makes the following propositions : 
■ Firs"t That Stem- Vowel Shorthand HAS TEX PER CEXT. 
FEWER MOVEMEXTS OF THE PEX than any other 
system in the world. 

Second. That it is ico PER CEXT. MORE EASILY 
LEARXED to the same degree of proficiencv. 

Third. That it is 500 PER CEXT. MORE LEGIBLE. 

To give force and effect to these propositions, the inventor of 
Stem-Vowel Shorthand will give Si, 000 to any one who will show 
them to be untrue. 

Mr. Porter is a substantial real estate owner of Pittsburg and 
can be held legally responsible for his assertions, if they are not 
true. 

. The average time required to attain a speed of 100 words per 
minute is five months. During the past year a number of pupils 
reached that state of efficiency in three and four months — notably. 
Mrs. Alice Davis, who learned in three months, and took a posi- 
tion with Jos Home & Co , a firm employing none but the most 
skilled employes ; Miss Xora Kohn, who learned in four months, 
and took a position with the law firm of Marshall & Sproul, and 
Miss Anna Xolan, who learned in four months, and took a posi- 
tion with the Commission House of Poth & Haberman. 

Mr. Webster, one of the most efiicient reporters in the Courts of 
Pittsburg, reached a speed of 200 words per minute in nine 
months from the time he commenced takinsf lessons. 



PORTER'wS SCHOOL OF STEM-VOWEL SHORTHAND. 

TERMS. 

The terms are eight dollars per month, in advance, for day 
sessions, commencing at 9 a. m. and ending at 3 p. m. 

Evening sessions five dollars per month, from 6 to 9:30 p. m. 

Scholarships, ^40. 

As the instruction to beginners is strictly personal, pupils may 
enter at any time, their month being computed from the date of 
enrollment. 

As many persons are not adapted to the study or practice of 
shorthand, it would be as foolish for them to undertake to learn it, 
ais it would be for a lady without an ear for music to undertake to 
make a music teacher of herself. 

In order to insure success, pupils will be taken on trial for a 
month without charge. If they develop a taste for the study, and 
are adapted to it in other ways, they will be finally enrolled as 
pupils. 

If, at the end of the month, pupils are not pleased, or the 
teacher gives an unfavorable decision as to their fitness, they drop 
the study, without any expense except the cost^of writing material, 
and the loss of time 

Books are furnished without charge, and writing material will 
cost the pupil from ten to fifteen cents per week. 

Porter's Stem-Vowel Shorthand, Part First, containing the sys- 
tem complete, FOR SELF INSTRUCTION, price ^i.oo. 

Note. — The publication of Porter's Stem-Vowel Shorthand 
represents a new departure in book-making. 

Every page of the book, except the shorthand, was printed on 
the typewriter by a pupil in the school. A photo-engraved plate, 
reduced one-third in size, was then made of each page and the 
book was printed from those plates. 



PREFACE. 

The wheels of progress are rolling onward. The age of steam 
is passing away, and the era of electricity is dawning. The won- 
derful inventions of past decades ar«e being supplanted by the still 
more wonderful inventions of the present. Old methods must 
give place to new, in spite of the prejudice and bigotry that would 
prevent progress. 

The old methods of shorthand that answered the purpose of 
parliamentary and congressional reporting a quarter of a century 
ago do not meet the demands of the commercial world of the 
present, which requires a system easily learned, easily read and 
brief enough to record the most rapid utterance. The profession 
is crowded at the bottom w^ith so-called stenographers who will 
always stay at the bottom, from their inability, with the means at 
their command, to rise above it; while the favored few, who, by 
dint of long years of patient toil, have reached the higher walks of 
the profession, are reaping rich rewards from their skill. 

In presenting this book to the public, I may say at the outset 
that the system of shorthand embodied in it is not a mere rehash 
or improvement, as is the case with nearly all others, of the old 
Pitman system, but that it is founded upon an entirely different 
theory; that it contains no word-signs, or arbitrary characters; 
that it is fully vocalized, rendering it as easily read as the common 
long-hand script; and that, from the simplicity of its construction, 
it is as easily learned as the common long-hand writing. 

In regard to speed, it has been already demonstrated beyond 
peradventure that it excels the most rapid of the old methods. In 
writing testimony, one hundred and fifty movements of the pen 
make one hundred words, and this fact, in connection with the 
very limited amount of shading, or heavy strokes, make it capable 
of meeting the highest requirements of speed. 

Having used the Pitman-Graham methods of shorthand for many 
years as official reporter in the courts of Pennsylvania, I may be 
permitted to claim a thorough knowledge of the subject. If the 
interested student will give this book a careful examination, he 
will find in it a system of shorthand scientific from the first prin- 
ciple to the last, easily learned, easily read, and entirely free from 
the word- signs and arbitrary characters which burden the older 
systems. 



The system is complete in this one volume, the subject-matter 
and its arrangements being the result of long experience in teach- 
ing shorthand. The lessons are arranged in progressive order, 
leading the student by easy steps through the principles, into com- 
mercial letter-writing, deeds, mortgages, specifications, testimony, 
etc., so that, having made himself master of the subject-matter of 
the book, he is thoroughly prepared to perform any branch of the 
stenographic work. 

A word in regard to the time required to master the contents of 
the book. I am warranted, by an experience of three years in 
teaching Stem-Vowel Shorthand, in saying, that a pupil of ordinary 
ability can easily reach a speed of one hundred words per minute 
in a very few months of earnest, decided attention and practice. 
Of course, a higher rate of speed will require the same diligence 
for a longer period. 

The system suggests its own name, Stem-Vowel Shorthand, 
from the fact that the vowels are expressed by different lengths of 
the consonant stems, instead of by extra marks as in the older 
systems. 

In conclusion, I may add that the high state of proficiency 
reached by the army of stenographers in this city and through the 
United States, who use the Stem-Vowel Shorthand, the responsible 
positions filled by them, and their high encomiums of the system, 
are extremely gratifying to me, and give abundant assurance that 
my labors in this field have opened the way to a state of profici- . 
ency in the art, scarcely attainable through the devious windings 
of the old method. 

JOHN T. PORTER. 



PREFACE TO SECOND EDITION. 

The second edition of Stem- Vowel Shorthand contains some 
radical improvements over the system as set forth in the first 
edition. The placing of the hooks and circles on the right of 
stems to indicate the first group of vovs^els, and on the left to indi- 
cate the second group, is attended w^ith surprising results in regard 
to legibility and ease of learning. 

The improvements have all been made in the direction of sim- 
plicity, and have resulted in reducing the number of lessons by 
about one-third. 

Bountiful Nature has been very prodigal of her vs^onderful 
secrets of late years, and the transition from the era of steam to 
the era of electricity requires old methods to conform to the nevs^ 
order of things, or else stand aside and let modern methods take 
their places. 

The author believes that Stem- Vowel Shorthand will meet the 
requirements of the times in regard to speed, ease of learning and 
legibility, and will go hand in hand with sister sciences as vehicles 
for the rapid transaction of business. 

THE AUTHOR. 

July ist, 1896. 



PARTPIRST, 

CHAPTER I. 
PRELIMINARY. 

Stem-vowel Shorthand, or Phonography, is both a science and 
an art. 

Considered by itself, wholly separate and apart from the 
purposes to which it is adapted, it is a science, being a body 
of principles arranged in systemstic order. 

When practical skill is accquired to apply thes'e prin- 
ciples to the purpose for 'v7hich the system is designed, St en- 
Vowel Shorthand becomes an ert. 

The system is purely phonetic in its chsrscter, being 
founded upon the elementary sounds of the hurnsn voice, which 
are retained without modification when the system is applied 
to the art of writing. 

The elementary sounds of the human voice Bre of three 
kinds, distinguished as vowels,consonants ,an,d diphthongs. 

The vowels sre tv/elve in number.-- six longjond six shorty 
and three diphthongs, 

LONG VOWELS. 

FIRST GROUP. SECOND GROUP, 

E,as in ear, AW, as in law. 

A," " air, 0," " lo,or go. 

X," " are. 07),"' " loot or boot. 

THIRD GROUP. 

JDiphthongs, 

I,ss in ire, 
01," *» oilo 
OW, " " how. 

The pupil should drill himself thoroughly on the three 
groups until he hag mastei^ed them. 

Perfect familiarity with all the vowel so'unds in the:;r or> 
der will make phonetic spelling s pleasure rather than a t^.Bk, 



CONSONANTS. 
T D , P B , K Qay , P V , Ch , J , 3 2, W , M N , TH . 

THE CONSONANT T. 

FIRST GROUP. SECOND GROUP. THIRD GROUP, 

E, A, A. AW, 5, O'C. I, 01, OW, 

te,ta,tah. taw, toe, too, tie,toi,tou, 

lJJ-'. ./ d. ./ ./ /.._./. 

In the line aiDove,the consonant stem T is divided into 
three different lengths »to correspond to the three different 
vowelf? in each group. 

Give to each length of the consonant stem in the first 
group the sound indicated by the vowel above it,-- the short- 
est length E,the middle length A, the longest A. 

The second group steins are distinguished from the first 
end the third group by having the heavy dot on the left of 
the stems. 

The diphthongs are shaded lightly. 

iVrite the T scema in each group a grent many tines, pro- 
nouncing each stem as you write It. 

THB S CIRCLE. 

The initial end final consonant S is j:'epresented by a small 
circle, beginning or ending the stem on the right-hand side irj 
the first and the third group, and on the left side of the 
stems in the second group, 

tSse ,t&se ,tas. t aws ,tose ,tobs, t ise ,tols .tous, 

6- L /•..._:^- ./>../...- -....i._I.,.X^ 

st^,st a ,3tah. 3taw,stov/,st(5^. st ie ,stoi ,8i^u. 

X.JJ.. 7..,.,Z I /.../.. 

St eae ,st ase ,8tas, staws ,stoae ^stolis. st ies,stols ,st.ouf 

A 6^ L ..Z.. ■/ •.</.._ I I /- 

Tne final syllable SES is indicated by extending: the S 
circle through the stem and forming an additionpl 3 on tl-.e 
opposite side. 



t eases, tRlses, to sees, to.'?se8,toa5e3, looses. 

. ,<ij, <i CR. :A :.d.. :<P, 

THE L AND THE R HOOK. 

The consonant L,as an initial and final, Is represented by 
8 amnll hook Joined to the right side of the stems in the 
first and the third group, and to the left of the stems in the 
second group, 

tele,t&le,tal. tawl, tola, tool, tile, toil, toul. 

.L Z Z :J.,..J. ...J.. ^--. ./...-../... 

stele, stale, stal, stawl, stole, stool, st ile,stoil ,8toul. 

.1.. C....C. J ...J. ...J.. C...1..L... 

The consonant R is represented by a hook twice rs large 
Rs the L hook. 

tere, tare, tar. tawr ,tore,toor. t ire, toir, tour. 

.6 L..-L..:drJ.'L/.... L.,^.L....L. 

stere,ytQre ,star. stawp, store, stoor. st ire,stoir,stour. 

.£, .^ C u2...,J...J-. £ £-../.-. 

Tlie final circles are made inside the hooks. 

tears ,tBirs, tars. tawr3,toBrs,toors. t ires, toirs, tours, 

^.^....L....L...:.^.:.r.^.....'.e/. M..-A...A... 

tenia, tails, tals, tawls,toals, tools, tiles, toils, touls 

.-^r ..i._.../. ..y...._t^-....-e/- ..._i.-.-i--.i.. 

READING AND \VRITINQ EXEROISE, 

Analyze each word in the following exercise, and then 
write the whole exercise a number of t imes, pronouncing each 
word Bs you write it; thus: 

Tea, a word of the first group, first length, dot on right 
of stem* 

Tow, a word of the second group, second length, dot on left 
or stem. 



Too, a word of the second group, third length, dot an teft 
of stem. 

Tie, a word of the third group.firat length clot on right 
of stem. 

Tease, a word of the first group, fir-?t length, S circle on 
right of stem. 

Taws, a word of the second group, first length, 3 circle orv 
left of stem. 

Remember that the shorthand character represents Che 
sotind of a word,ajid not its English spelling. 

Tea, t ease, stay, teases. teal, tale, steal , stale, tear, tare, 
tar,stear,3tare,star ,t eals, tales, tears, tares, stairs, stflrs,^ow, 
t 00, taws,toe6, stow, stew, tosses, tell , stews, stole, stool, s tali, 
tore,tour, St ore, tools, stools, stalls ,tle,toy,ties,toy.s,stles, 
tile,toil,towel,3tyle,tire,tower, tiles towels , styles, A. 

J..:J...-l..U....J...k..L..LJ I Lj...L...L..L.i..A...r..., 

Go through the exercise again, analyzing each shorthand 
character, and writing it in long-hand. Do the same with all 
the following, lessons in the principles. 

SENTENCES. 

A tall stool, A steel too-1. A tall toy. A toll tower. A 
tile tore a towel. A steel tower. A stale store. A tall 
tar stole a store. Toss a toy to a tower. *Tow a star to a 

tower. 



/.. .^......../.,c;........-..-V....Z..Z . J..:.. J. .- ../../.- Lj 



CHAPTER II. 

SHORT VOWELS. 

FIRST QROUP. SECOND GROUP. 

l,as in ik,or lick. 6, as In ok, or lock. 

$/" " ek,or leek. u, " " uk,or luck. 

6, " " ak,or lack. (To, ** '' ook,or look. 

As will be seen above, each group of long vowels hes a 
corresponding group of short vowels. 

The steins having the short sounds are dlstlng-uished from 
those hav'lng the long sounds by a very light dot at the side 
'^f the stem. 

Rapid progress will be impossible without a thorough 
knowledge of the long end the short vowel sounds. VTrite each 
group at least ten t imes, pronouncing the wcrd represented by 
the stem as you write It, 

FIRST GROUP. SECOND GROUP. 

tis,te3,tas. t6s,tus,tOt)s. 



.L 



L.l..... :^..J... 



^tisjSteSjStas. 3t63,3tus,3to~6s. 

til,tel,tal. t61,tul,to~ol. 

stll,stel,stal. st61,stul,sto"ol. 

Observe that the first long end the first short vowel of 
the second gro-jp are alike in many words. 



THE N AND THE M CIRCLE. 

The initial and final consonant N is represented ty a 
smell circle twice as large as the S circle, 

tene,tane»tan. tevm, tone, toon. t ine,toin,toun, 

.h' L'....l. ■d..:d..:J..^^^. k...L..-L 

tin, ten, tan. ton, tun,to't)n. 

6 .A.. A. y../i5/../c/._-. 

3tene,stane ,8t8Ji, stewn,stone,sto"on. st ine,stoin,stoun. 



St In,8t^n,8tSn, ston,stun,std'on. 

A...L..L. ^..A...J.. 



The. initial and final M is represented by a circle twice 
as large as the N circle, 

teme,t8me,t"Gim. tawm,tome ,tdom, t lme,toim,toum» 

.h....L..L...:d...:d..:.c/. -6.-6._...^ .. 

tim, tern, tarn. torn, turn, t(Jt>m. 

s t erne, staine,s tarn, 3tom,stome,stc5bm. st ime,stoim,stoum. 

.&....A..A.....:<^..:d..:d^.. .6 .4._.i. 

The final N end the final M circle take the S circle on 
the opposite side, of the stem. 

teens , tains , tans, t awns, t one s^to'bns. t ines,tolns,touns, 

-^'....A'....jI: :dt..rJ......'J....- ^-..'h t.,.._ 

Pinal F or V is represented by a small curve at thp- end 
of the stem. 

tif,tef,taf. tof,tuf ,to"of. 



The nasal sound" ING or INK Is represented by © smell 
curve on the end of a hook or stem; thus; 

tilling, telling, tallln(5. toll in^,tulling,to"oling, 
J /.. /._ ..._f/ J, / 

ting, teng, tang. tong,tung, toong. 

./.... Z. ../..-..-/..../..../ 

teaslng,tRlslng,t8ssing. tos8ing.toaslng,tooslng,etc, 

...' / /... .,/........./ /. 

The final syllables RY and LY are represented by a small 
vertical or horizontal tick on the end of the R and the L hook, 

thus - 

tilly, telly, tally, tolly, tul ly,tooly. 

..4..../...../ /-..../ /.. 

teary,talry, tarry. tawry,tory,toory. 

.L....L.^..L. .i/_.V---l/. 

Practice analyzing and writing the following exercises 
until they can be written easily end refidlly from dictation, 
VTrlte slowly and carefully .using the utmost cere to make your 
writing accurate. 

In writing the sentences, omit the dots entirely, as their 
only use Is to aid the pupil in acquiring the ability to spell 
phonetically. 

In words like tall , stall , toss, tews, etc, , either the long 
or the short sound may be used. 

RBADINQ AND WRITING EXERCISE 

T is, toss, till, tell, St ill, tan, tin, tone, tune, St one, stain, 
a team, team, tame, tomb, times, St earns , st em, t earns, st ills , tens, tons, 
tough,tlff ,stuff,staff »st iff ,turf,tqng, tongue, St ing,tenk, tally 
t illy, tarry,tory, story, starry, til ling, telling, tolling, tiling, 
toil ing , t owel ing , t ear ing , st or ing , st ar Ing , s t ear ing , t ees ing , 
topnlng, 

M ..c/..,4,_I./^.i..AV.-c/-a.-/...^_,6.__6..c/-.6--35. 



J L llj...l.j.L.^^l ' ' 



For the purpose of facilitating sentence-writing the fol- 
lowing words selected from advanced lessons should be learned. 

The, not, are, in, of, was, a or an, and, is, for. 

_ >x r: "^ s^ Q ^. -. I — Y- 1-- 

Stay m the store. 'Tls not the time for the star. 
Tell not tales to the stars. The tiles tore the towels. 
Time tells tales. Tools are in the store in town. Steam 
stains the tin in the tower. A towel and a stool, not a stone 
and a star. The team was not in time. Tell the tale in time. 
The style was not in time. The stuff was still tough. The 
teams ere not in town. The staff is in the tower. The steam 
stains a ton of the stuff. The tongue is still. The stem was 
still stiff and tough. The stare tell a tale of time. Stow: 
the stale stuff in the store. The tar was telling the story 
to the tory. For a time the stool was turning. The tiling 
was 'for the tall tower. 



^ fc • <f .o.^__w.. . 6.--.. ..•.-/--"--"-/-•-— ■-'^-"-^■■-'■^ 



CRAPTER III* 

TRAMSPOSITION OP THE VOWSL. 

When the stem is written across the line, the vowel ex- 
pressed by the length of the stem precedes the consonant in- 
stead of i'ollowing It, 89 In the preceding lessons. 

ete^ate^at. awt »ot e«<5ot# ite,oit,out, 

-/-/-/- -y--y-/ H- -h-f 

Observe that the dots, used to indicate the difference be- 
tween the long and the short sounds, are placed at the begin-' 
nin~ of the stems to Show that the vowels come first. 



lt,et,at, 6t,riJ,ot>t, 

i is ,ets,a.t s. 6ts,uts,ot)ts, 

If the 3 circle begins the stems et e,et e,ec ,e t c . they be- 
come set e , sate , sat , etc . 

s"&te , sate , sat , sawt ,sot e, so'ot . sit e, so 1 1 ,sout . 

-A- ;•-/- ■■-? ;--/■ -A/../ 

Re-\Trite giving the short sounds to the stems above. 

s&t es, salts, sat s. sawts,s5at s,scrbt s. sltes^so its,30ut s, 

set en, sat en, sat ten. s0tten,a5ten,so'bten. siten, soiteri,^ 

-^■■- i—f- -^- ■^---/- ■€■{-{ 

lete, late, let, 16t ,l5te,lo'ot . lite, loit , lout. 

■/--/■■■/ -v- •;--/- r f-f-- 



llt,l?t,lat. lot,lut,lcrot, 

-^/-/ ■^-..;-./- 

)Pdte«pate,r&t* rot , rote, r<y?)t. rite, rolt , rout . 

rlt,r8t,p&t, r6t,rtit,r<rot, 

not©,nate,nat, not , note, n<yr»t. nito,nolt ,nout. 

-^-y^-/- •^-•^ / f-f. /-. 

iDete,mete,rn^t, mot , mote, mcTbt, mlte,mo it ,mout . 



p^-p-P •9-^F-;? p..-.p.p.. 

mefttl©,mBltle,mattle. mottle, moetle, mo~ot le, etc. 
meter, maiter, matter, motter, meter, mtf^ter. etc. 

-^•--^-•---7?^----5^~ -;^ ■-■;?- eef 

Ie8ter,l8iter, latter, lotter ,loater ,lcf&ter. etc. 



Re-write the last fi-'-e lines ebove, giving the short 
sounds , 



elttel,settel, Battel. sSttel ,8uttel ,80^tel . 

--/- -/■ {-■ -^ / /-- 

net f 1 ,natel ,n8ttel. nottel ,notel ,nootel. nltel,noitel 

'■^: -t- p- ■~9- :^--/ - 

nitt«l ,n$ttel,n8ttel. n«tt el,ntit tel ^ncTotel, 



--/- -/■ f -^ / /■ 

let f 1 ,natel ,n8ttel. nottel ,notel ,noote] 

^^ r p- ■~9- :^--/ f /■•/ 

Utt«l ,n$ttel,n8ttel. n«tt el,ntit tel ,r\<S'{ 

■f- f^ /- * -^ T 



Begin the 3 circle with the L hookon the opposite side 
for the double consonant SL. 



slete .slate ,slet , slot .slot e >eldot . el it e .slolt ,et^c . 



iiaxe,siei, siox .sioxe >eioox . si ixe .sj-oii ,exc 

/ / ^- ■;• /- A--A-/- 



READISG Ai\D .TRIIIIJG EXERCISE. 

CAUTION.-- Write the following exercises of words and 

sentences through four or five tim^s. The more thoroughly 

one lesson le learned, the easier the next lesson becomes. 

Avoid efforts for speed. Write slowly end cerefully. 

Eat ,ete ,out ,it , ought , eats, its, outs, seats, set, set, loot, let 
light ,rete,rat ,rot , rut, rout ,meet ,mot ,8Uit,soot , sight ,slt , 
right ,wrlt , wrought , sot s , suit s ,sltter, set ter,let'e, lot ,llt ,inot e 
mott le,nut ,night ,neat , mat e , moot , might ,nit ,cnet el ,met er ,raet t er , 
mutter , mat ters ,meters , letters, lit tle,mitt en, satin ,mat in ,rot - 
ten,l igh ten, later , light er,eating,meeting.9ittlng. ltem.<? ,out - 
ing.mattlng* sleet ,slate .sla: .slot .slut .-slit .sli.-ht . 

The lights at night lighten toil. A rat ate the nuts in 
the store. Stains of teers are m the letter. Stores ough.t 
to meet the styles of the times. Tir^e lighit route was the 
lighter at night. Settle the matter in time. Stay in to'm\ at 
night. Set the matter right. Are the nights light? The 
sight suits the time. The meat was not eaten. The tou.^ sit- 
ter stays later. The stuff was stele. A light stein wes in 
the stuff. Store the stuff m the tower at night. Let the 
tall sot settle the matter. ■ The little letter was light. Tl^>e 
meeting was late at night. The little tools ere neat. The 
light metal was at the right rate. 

.^....•.._.£/.^.../.-/3 :._/if ,.._:_"6 , .; v:y._...,:..g.y.77.,... 
/>..:..,^..^-.,.6.....,._/. ^.../(.y; .^,..._/>..;.-^^./?- ..-,r_....^.^ ... 

_,..^:..^.....«._-. /....- J.. ;../....._. :_6.y..^, ...,./■ ..:-y...;.^.. '.. 



CHAPTSR IV. 

THS CONSONANT D STEM, 

The consonant D Is distinguished from the T by ft greater 
slant to the left. It takes the same initial end final con- 
sonants as the T stem, 

d5,da,dah. daw,d5e,do"o. die,dol,dou. 

^.^.Z....-..^..,-z../..../..^..Z 

dese,daia,das. daws,d3es,dcnD8, dies,dois,dous. 
.tf^. ..5^.-.,.<^ .-..•-^.„!?^--:o/^. ^ ,./,..../... 

dls,dds,das. d6s,dus,do"os, 

-/-_^...<^. .:<>{,,:</... y. 

dele, dale, dal. dol,dole,d(JDl. dile,doil,doul. 
.<r....,^.._<^....„.,^...^..^cZ C/.y. 

dil,del,dai* dSl.diil^ddbl, 

dgre ,dare,dar, dor ,dbre, door, dire, j^oir, dour. 

.C:....6:....C. 'M.m/.:(/. ..C 6 /.. 

dene, dane, dan, don,d^ne,dcRjn, dine,doin,doun. 

.<rr..,.d^....d(. .io:...\q/...:c/. .6. .a. a.. 

dIn,dSn,d8n. d3n,dun,do"bn# 

dSme, dame, dam, d6m,dOme,d(JT)ra, dime,doiin,doum, 

6:...A...6:.. :Cy..:C/...:.Q^. ..6... 6... A.. 

dim,dSm,dain, d?>m,dura.d(5bm. 

6:..A.A :.&..:(y...:c/.. 



ede,aid,ad. od,ode,ood, ide,oid,oud, 

ld,ed,ad. od,ud,ood. 

Y^-;^-/^ ^...^-yr_ 

eder,ader, adder, oddfr,oder,Opderv ider»oider,ouder. 

t'--^-Y- ^■■■■^--^- .^.-^...,.^.,. 

edel,aidel,addel. oddel,odel,oodel, idel ,oidel,oudel. 

■r-/---/^ .^.....^...yr. ,^..^..^y.- 

seder ,sader, sadder, sodder ,soder ,sooder. sider, solder , 

Re-write the last three lines, giving the short sounds. 
.edem,aidem,addem. ocldem,oadem,oodem. idem,oidem,oudem, 

..^,...^....^. ..^...(^...^.. ,.^....„^.....^.. 

dinning, denning, dannihg, donning, dunning, dooning. 

..^.. _.^ ..^.... .;iFK:--..:«rr:..... lo^.!. 

ledel,laidel ,laddel , loddel,loadel ,loodel. liclel,etc. 

-^ /^'--y- ip- -,)z -^ -f/^Y 

leader jlaider, ladder, lodder ,lo9ider ,looder. lider,etc, 

-^'—■^-^-^■- -^ ^ ^- - -^-^.^- 

reader , raider, radder, rodder, roader,rooder. rider, etc, 
nedel,naidel,naddel. noddel ,nodel ,noodel. nidel,etc. 
middel,meddel,maddel. modder,muddel ,nioodel. 
slid .sled , si od. slod .slud ,slood . 



Re-wrile, giving the short sounds wiierever necessary. 

READING AND ITRITING EXERCI3E. 

V?rlte ell thie words in the follo'/ang exercise several 
tlmea from your knowledge of the principles ,wi thout referring 
to the key below. Reverse the process ^tj^anslate each short- 
hand cherecter ,and write it in long-hand. 

Day , dough, do ,die,dRys , doze, dunce , dice, deal, dole, dear ,dare 
door ,dire,dower , dean, Dane , dan, din, den, done, dine, down, doom, dim, 
dime , dumb, a id , add, odd ,odder , Oder , Oder s , adders , addle, seed a, sod, 
sadder, sudd en, 1 sad , laid , load , lewd ,1 led ,loud , leaders, lead en, 
lad en, louder, reads, ."eader ,raid , raider , red , redden,, rid, riddle, 
saddle, sidle, led ,savldles , dose, d mg, raid ing, leading, loading, dy- 
ing, dining, dank^sl id,sled,slide. 

A sudden light dims sight, dear reader. The leaders wrote 
letters. A little lead settles at night. A dose of lead 
might riddle the saddle of tlie rider. Dimes are not made of 
tin. The leader was dumt. The dame was sad. The satin was 
dear. The writer was not to tell the tale? The reader was 
not to read the riddle. The load was laid in the roed. The 
right road to to'w was light. Tie load of turf is in the inid- 
dle of the road. In the road was a load of lead. The metal 
tank is down in the road. 



_-_^..^...d./-.<;-..^-...---^-.;?-^-..---..^.^-f/-./?^ 
..^.. .L^.....^n....:...^.. ..<:..-/-. .-...:--P--^-:..p..p..J.--L.o... 



CHAPTER V. 

THE DOUBLE CONSONANT ST. 

To represent the double consonant ST. extend the 8 circle 
into a short , straight tick in the direction of the T stem, 

teast ,taist ,tast , tawst .toast .toost . t lest ,toist ,ete. 

...i.- L-. /■ U...-....J. :/ I i /. 

Slanting the tick in the direction of the D stem 
changes the ST to SD. 

tea2d,tBizd,tazd. tawzd ,toazd ,too2d. t iezd ,toizd ,touzd. 

...J......I..J. -A... . J. •/ / .1 L 

THE TRIPLE CONSONANT STR. 

The triple consonant STR is represented ty adding the R 
hook to the tick. 

teaster ,taister, taster, tawster .toaster ,topster . etc, 

-i.- L: --/• U -J- 

The short sounds of the lines above ere, of course, 
indicated by making the dot very light. 

THE PINAL CONSONANTS LT AND RT. 

LT and RT may be added to stems by lengthening the L 
end thf= R hooks, thus: 

tealt ,tailt ,tali. tawlt ,toalt ,toolt . tielt ,toilt . tgult, 

.M.. 4 L ,.<L..^J......J... ^..L L 

tilt ,telt ,talt. tawlt ,tult .toolt. 



INITIAL AND FINAL SL AND SR. 
Turn the L hook on the opposite side of the stem from 



S circle to represent the double consonant 3L,thus.- 
tisl ,tesl ,ta8l. tawsl ,tusl.toosl. 
../D. <6;.. .(6*.- _Jfli »....-....« 

teasr,talsr,t&8r. tawsr,toasr,too8r. tiesr,toisr,tousp. 
_.rBt. CD!. ru.*. :^ . *S. ".h ^dci. r6_ cb 

dilt ,clelt ,cialt. dawlt ,clult ,cloolt . 
<^ <^ <^ </ <^ '(/.. 



teald ,taild ,tald. tawld ,toald ,toold. tield ,toild ,tould. 

d i... /. .<i I / k L- L 

leert ,tairt ,tart. tawrt ,toart ,toort , tlert ,toirt ,towrt. 

...U....U U a U .(/.. .0. (^ .6.. 

THE PINAL CONSONANTS MT AND NT. 

Tne seme principle may be carried o.ut in regard to the 
Initial and final N and M. 

teant , taint ,,tHnt. tavmt ,toant ,toont . tient ,toint ,tount. 
..i: A: L .;<^ -</. .-Z... . ..I L..J- 

tind ,tend ,tand. tavmd ,tiind ,toond. 

.A....A I.... .<l....J....-J.... 

stete , state , Stat . stawt .stote .stoot . st ite .st oit ,stoui . 

-J^^ /■•/■■• -■^- / / ^ ■■/ / 

tearad ,taimd .tamd. tawmd ,toamd ,toomd. t ined ,toimd ,tound 

..A-...A- A'-, 'd •c/....'c/ h Jb l 

t imt ,temt ,tamt , tomt ,tumt ,tooint . 

.M....h...L :c/ d..J.. 

INITIAL AND FLNAL TH AND SK. 

TH, initial and final, is represented by a short, curved 
stem, thus: 



theat ,thalt,that. thewt ,thoBt ,thoot. thiet ,tho it ,thout, 

_A-/=-.-/---.r--f---/-- A-/-/- 

deeth,daith,dath. dawth,doath,dooth. dleth,doith,douth. 

.,x...,..^.-..-Z ;^...^...^ ./:/../.. 

SH, initial and final, Is represented by b small ovnl loop 
written upward . along^ the stem, thus: 

teash,tai3h,tash. tawsh,toash,toosh, - tlesh.tolsh^toush. 

../.. L /. ../..._.•/.....•_/_ /. L...L... 

gj^ea<^»8haid,shad. shawd,shoad,8hood, shied, shold,shoud. 

..^......^...^•.-.-^ .jt.....^.. — -^....^...^., 

The CH and the J stem ma^y be joined to the T stem. by 
writing the T stem upward for the first group, and downward 
for the second group, thus: 

teach, talch,tach. toch»taach,tooch» tiech,toich, touch, 



THE FINAL SYLLABLE TION AND 3I0N» 

The final syllable TION is added to words by a large oval 
loop; thus: 

tet lon,tait lGn,t8tion. tawt ion, toatlon, toot Ion. etc. 

,.A. i....-..i -J. ../ .-/ L.L..L 



dl5hen,deshen,d ashen. ■dawshen,dushen,dooshen. 

..^ ^ <d^_ ^.......y......y.. 

INITIAL SN AND SM. 

Initiel SN and SM are represented by beginning the N and 
the Ivi circle with a small hook; thus: 

snead ,snaid,snad, snawd ,snoBd , snood. anied,snold,snoud. 

■^■- ^•-;^- .;5^....^.....^. ^...,.^.^. 



smlt ,8met,8mat. smot ,8mut ,8moot. 

..p- ..p...f.-....:9..f f.-.. 

Pinal T or D ra«y be added by extending the 3H loop serosa 
the stem, the TH curve mfiy be shaded slightly at the end. 

dished, dashed, touched, ditched, toothed, tithed, 

.,^ Z ^ ::Zr .../ A.. 

RE AUD LB, 

When the initial hooks R and L are lengthened slightly 
they are pronounced RE and LE, 

READING AND WRITING EXERCISE. 

Taste, toast, test, tossed, teased, dazed, dust , deuced, dozed, 
St 8te, stout, steed , st eyed , steed .stud,stood,taster , toast er, tes- 
ter , duster , tilt , dealt ,dolt ,tooled,toiled,doled,tart ,tort ,d\7 
dared, tarred, tired, dowered, taint , taunt , tuned ,t int ,tent ,deigned 
d ined, do vmed,t8nned, tend, teeth, tit he, death, dost ,that , thought , 
dash , sheet , shad , shed , shade , shied , shout , shut , shoot , st at ion, 
shoots , shudder , shut t er , donned , dint ,dent ,don 't , dosed , shouter, 
stouter,stutter , net tied, muddled, mutter ed, matter ed.,mitered, 
maddened, latent,soddered,shetter, shuddered, rat tied, riddled, 
shat tered, teemed, tamed, doomed, timed, tempt, dimmed, dumpt, ten- 
der, tempter, dish, dished, doth, doeth,neede.st , neatest , snood, 
snide, smitest , smitten, smote, smut ,smot , snoot , snout , toothed, 
tithed, dashed, ditch, touch, teach, stately, ret ail, retain, rota- 
tion, redeem, reduced. 

NOTE,- In v/riting the sentences, the pupil should use the 
Shorthand and not the trenslat lon,8s his .guide, end should fol- 
low the copy closely, so as to give the characters their pro- 
per lengths. The sentences -should be copied carefully ei 
least, twenty times. 



It was a day of dust and dirt' in 'the town of smut and 
'soot. Do not touch the dish. The dish was dashed to atoms. 
The attempt was made in the middle of the night. The light 
in the middle of the town was dimmed,' It was a tool of death. 
Death smote the town. The lad' rode down in the teeth of the 
storm. The dolt stole the dimes. -The lad might shut the doop 
The tired lad shuddered and stared. The -dazed writer donned 
the duster. The shouter stuttered and smote the tempter. 
Don't shatter the dishes. The road was light. The tovms, 
are light at night. The muddled dolt deigned to dine down at 
the tent. Don't attempt to teach the leader. Don't touch the 
letter. Teach the lad to write a letter. State the matter to 
the teacher. The neat maid still stood in the door. The lad 
tossed the tool to the leader, and turned to shut the shutter. 
It is time to start the meeting. The little reader was shut'^ 
out in the storm. The tired steed stood still in the rosd 
to the little town. The stout dam.e doled out the tarts to the 
little maids. The tired team toiled till night set in. It 
was a sad tale told at the door of the tower. The letter was 
torn in the dim light of the store. Don't tempt the lad to 
steal the tarx. Ten days la the time set for loading the dirt 
at the slide. 

.,./....o - .x.^| ^ .. .(/. .v.. '../.^..a ... 7..../^-../^ :.^... .: 

.^.'. ...6--.o...-d. .-•.-./ ..Q-..-.. i/ ..y..^. .» ./ .0^... \.Jb...i...../?..-p..6^.. 

..:...p.... ^.. .J- p. f-^—-'- ^...^-^./-^-//-.:. 
..P.J:...^.... ' ...p...^..£..^...^:..: .o/:.. \.yi..^...:...u.J..:.^.... 



CHAPTER VI, 
THB Q0N30NANTS P AND B, 

Tr.e conaonont P 13 represented by a verticle stem of the 
same three lengths as the T and the D, differing only in the 
direction of the m'lting. Care should be taken not to slant 
the stem to the left so as to conflict with the T stem. 

The consonant B differs front its eognat© P only in being 
slented slightly to the right. 

Both the P and the B teJce the same tnltlals and finals as 
the T and the D» 

Pe,pa,pah, paw^poe,poo. ple,poi,pou. 

.l..i. i -l...i-.l-_L...l...J.- 

Be. .V,\-.. \-.. ...N .\_.\.....V.....N_..\ 

Peae. -.L...h:.. Jf...^zA.....'A J (? !?...,.]>- 

Beest. -V-.V....i: ^. -V.^.A )b..„V_.A-.. 

Beestr. -V- -V- -'9- - •^-- A»- ...•i?....--^ -V \... 

Beesea^ )d: ..«•.. .«>-• -h. ..l)p-...'J> -*- K — ^- 

3ele. A.. .V--.. V- ..J.. v\ \ .1 i...A.. 

Pele, ...L.- .L'....ir... .J •J...,.'.i I I l- 

?eve. ...L;.. U-. .U:...jjJ....:.0...:A L.-..-.L' L-. 

Bene. -V?.. ..V> P. . A. .A d. b....\::: V). 

Pin. ...iar. -O*. lo! J, .J J... ... 

)oi.h:.)o:-A. ■^. ..:h: .b ..b... b. 

.la. .b... .Is d. . A d ... 

Pe^ld. ..^-•--i--- L-..-J...:li. ..:(J ^k . ,.l'.-,y. 

Peerd. ...L': ->L: ..U . . :U.. :J. ..• J. U.-Ll-.L. 



Bemes. 
Pills. 



Peent. 

Pitch. 

Beemd. 

flint. 

Beeth. 

Blsh. 



Spe* 

Spese. 

Spere. 

Spins, 

Spilt. 

3teep. 

Snip, 

Smebe. 

Thebe, 

Shepe, 



y ^-^ k.. 

W- ...\d: . \=- 

'\i V. A> 

.i> .V V 

Petlon. -.b.-..JI.„,..b- ., 
Bltloned..^- :»r . vi- 

A...L.1 . 
.L.1 L 

. . hj: ii* h: . . 

-^--t \- 

^■.._,f.. J; 
i I i' 

Peerst. _i2--..lJ.--. -I?: 

■r r- 

,..v...vv. 

■I r 



d .. ^j .J 

■6 -6 d 

.1 V 

■i.J 1 

:l. .1.1. 

.J.....1...1 

...A... .2 .-1 



Epe. 
Sepe. 
Eabt. 
Sips. 

Lepe. 



r- r 



Lib. 






■■■T----T 
. A \ 

:.d...-.J....-.'J 

■l-l 
•1 -1- 

1 .■] 



I I A, 

V .\ V. 

I A L 

.f...r. L 

i i L 

t i 1. 



r f I 

I f f 

f r 

v V V 



f I 



Repe. p.v..p:. 

Rlppel. -p'....p:. 
Reaper. .g:...[^.V 
Nipper, -g-- -g^ 
Mepe. p.v-.p: 
Pinning«ii b. 



^■•■■9 -a-- 

L...:J J ■: 



.r< 



J. 



c r 

€ G 






NOTE, — In words of one syllable composed or two stems, 
both stems must be the same length end group, so as to repre- 
sent a continuation of the sam6 sound. 

?fhen two stems of the same length are joined together, the 
vowel in the second stem is transposed to the beginning of the 
stem and the word is spelled phonetically be-ete bete,ba-ate 
bate,etc« 

D or T before P or B is always written upward. 



Bete. _V,.,.\/...y.4....y\ V. 

pip» .^_._<::j....<r-:^..-|„.<:rr|..^.. 

Tipple .A^^.A. /l^-A,-../] A.^ 

Bitter ..\?. . 



.v..v/^ 



v....\^„.,...^ 



D or T following B or P is usually 'Arritten upward in the 
first and the third group, and downward in the second group. 

When the M and the N circle begin a stem not across the 
line, the M circle is usually Dronormced 'lM,and the N circle, IN 

READING AND WRITING EXERCISE. 

CAUTION. — In words of two stems, the side on which the 
final hook is turned determines the group to which the word be 
longs. 

Pay , paw, pooh, pie, spay, spy, peace, pace, pass, passes, pause, 
poise, pies, paste, past , paused, pest , post , spies, spiced, spaced, pas- 
tor, poster ,pester, peal,pale, pal ey,pall ,pole,poley,pool, pile, 
pill,pillow,bell,billy,8pool,splll,spell,spills, spells, spoils, 
spear , spar , spire, spear 3, spars, spires, spoon, span, spawn, spun, 
plerce,pills,pulae,pulls,pool3,ape,up,aeap,3ap,sop,soap,3oup, 
sip, sup, sips, saps, apes, apple, 80 ape, slip, sapper, supper, poll ah, 
pay ing, spying, sipping, slipping, stopping, stepping, punning, pain- 
ing, spinning, pining, pas sing, bossing, pel sing ^arry, bury, sparrow 

slop, suppers, steep, St op, stoop, step, steeper, stopper, steeples- 
staples, leap, lap, lope, lip, lop, loop, lips, laps, reap, rape, rop^. 



rap, rip, ripe, ropes, ripple, open, nip, nips, naps, nipper, nipp.ers, 
tnap,slope,rnop,mope,bee,bay,bow,by,boy ,bougn, bees, bayj-, bass, 
beys, boughs, buzz, beast , slap, based, boast , boost, best , bale, ball, 
bo 11, b ill, be 11, bawl, bean, bane, ban, bon, bone, boon, been, bun, beam 
balm, boom, sob, sup, lob e,eble,sable,^abel,la.bor, labor 8, lubbers, 
robe, rob, rib, rub, slippers, ribbon, robin, nab, knob, nubbin, nibble 
raob,slobber , stab, stub, stubble, bases, bosses, puff , buff , bung, pan, 
bald, poured, port, pooled, polled, piled, boiled, built, build, bold, 
paired,part , bared, bored, pinned, pined, point , pint , pound, bind, 
spooned, pines, beams, bones, pins, pans, bounced , spins , sheep, sheep- 
ish, shape, shop, push, pot ion, pass ion, pat ience, pat lent , port ion, 
path, bath, bo th,pith, booth, special, bush, spec ies,steepish, snob, 
snip, snap, snub, snipe, beamed, boomed , band, pained, pond ,pent ,born 
bourne, barn, burnt , bur St ,beard,(^peerd , par d, bushes ,shi;oper ,sleep- 
erpalaces,leopard,berth,li8ble,appolnt ,part iel , stabled , ballast 
beat , bate, bat, bought ,boat , boot , bite, bitter , bet ter, bat ter , but - 
ter, bit ten, but ton, bottle, bid, bad, bode, buds, bottom, dip, deep, 
dipper , dapper , tip, tape, tap, top, type, tipple, topple, obtain, dlb- 
cle , dabble, speed, spade, spit ,spet , spat ter ,sputt er , sputtered , 
spattered , spout, 

_Xj..,(..i .f./,..LL.l.i..j--L.fc..i.i_x-i..l.f-X.I 
i_J,..l..i^L.L..j.AJ.J....i..k.L.X..li..L.i..LL.tl 

" L .^..L.i>- J. I.<§...J--.U-.tvJ-:J--j--.-|..-p--?-:|--|.-f.vf -l-.f.- 
^i.-.|-.J--4,j;-.J-.i/...L..t.f..:£..|--J.J..-k.£..L.i..l.t-.l, 

•L'- -£.4-J- r-^?-f-f--L-cr-6-i-f-f-?-r-+-]-i-f - 



_Li.A..J,..<fc,..to-.A.-t...4...V...-e..^'..f..f-..^....Li.i...t. 

.h.AJ...\...\...l:..\-.LXj...l.%...f....f-..\-.f--^^-A.)Q. 

,*. i:/.,,-Jj-_d.A.-k..c5...j.V..U..l>:.U-.V.:^-.-j-.U-.-^ J..^,..|-. 
_L...v-V._>..V..V..^..)..l.:/...V--\/-..V^..^._vp.^..> 



NOTE-- Analyzing and writing the words in each exercise 
four or five times from beginning to end will suffice to im- 
press the principles upon the mmd sufficiently, but the senten-j 
ces should be copied not fewer than ten to twenty times. 

Psle stars test dim sight. Pine poles" suit spears. The 
latest peace matters pester the spies. Power might pass la- 
ter. Paste posters in the shops. Spears and spars are not msde 
of tin. The day passes and the time passes. Toward night the 
pole was burned. The pole was tall. The rat was a pest to 
the pastor. . The pole was made in two pieces. The maid was 
still pale. The pie was stale, A lad might pull the pin. 
Pain leads to. tears. Late suppers steal time. Eat ripe apt- 
pies. Pastors pass open store doors, , Step -domi stairs to sup- 
per. A loop in the rope was made. A bee stung the snob. A 
pole and a post are in the pool. An ape ate the soup made of 
meet. A little lad ate the apple. A knot was in the rope- 
ladder. Boys leap ropes. Boys eat ripe apples. Rats nibble 
bones. Robbers rob stores. Sable robes suit pastors. Mobs 
buy red ribbons. Boys boom base ball. The best b&ll "as 
made of rubber. The ribbon was red. A robin sat in the road. 
The boys are not in town. The boaster made a boast of the mat- 
ter. The little maid might spoil the doll. Both shops are 
still open. The robbers are in the path. The boys pushed the 
matter to test it. The little boy v/as in a passion. The to.. 
per tippled at the bar. The butter was bitter and stale. The 
battle.-of the bosses was bitter. The boat was at the bottom 
of the deep pool. The bushes are budding. The boy wes bit- 
ten by the leopard. At the tap of the bell the sleeper stood 
up. The bottle slipped down the steep slope. The beadle 
stole the boodle. The boys battered the barn-door. The door 
at the top of the battered tower was open, and the tall staff 
was pulled down off the pulley. The stuff at the bottom of 
the bottle was bitter to the taste. The double doors stood 
open,and the band passed in. The button ^es pitched to the 
bottom of the stairs. At the bottom of the dell the road 
turns to the righ^^and stops at the steep slope. The piston- 
WPS beaten into shape at the shops in Boston^ The beast was 
stung by e beetle- A stunning report was made. 

:-.6..i...,.^.-^-.:--J--p---^--.--:-i--o '/•---:-/^--o-.---.L/.:- 
.--y^--/?.-i---b-. b..^-/..fa....;..J.-/....6..--/-J-r..6. 

,...p...^...._.,i..l..^.-c/..e/.....|../..A7.j... |...;.4,, 



..!/....= ,.,.....;._a 



..o.^A.--..^-.n...-/°----' --./S. -•...-. --k..";.,^... ^,..4. •..;.. .L/Q 

.:.4.,c.y.,.:.^...^.-.^.J....:..i.::-4.,-.,j..l....\^J..;. 
/:„..-/.-.^-,./.A.J.J<^.)...:-J--.-.-:./..y-/...o^--.y-:..^--.o..^^^^ 

7 

NOTE.-- Speed Is often gained by writing the T and the J) 
stem upwapd. In such cases the reversal of the stem causes 
the hooks to be reverses end, to come on the opposite side of 
the stem, thus; 

better, butter .door , done, laid, raid, read. 

-V? -) ^...<^-,.^...e^...e^-. 

For speed, the R end theL hook Initial, on stems of the 
third group, are usufilly written on the left side of the stems, 
thus: 

write .light , riper, lighter , writer , lightning. 

-9 ?--n: i ---Z- — -^- 



CHAPTER VII. 
THE CONSONANT STEMS K AND GHA. 

^Iie consonant K is represented by a straight horizontal 
stern rif three different lengths, having the seme initial and 
final circles and hooks es the stems T and D. The dot above 
the stem shows it to be of the First Group; under it, the Sec- 
ond Group. 

G (pronounced gay), the cognate of K, differs from K only 
in the direction of the writing, the former being slanted down- 
ward slightly, 

G (gay) in shorthand always has the hard sound, as in 
GAME. 

ke,ka,kah, kaw,koe,koo. kie,koi,kou, 
Keses..-^ — ^ — —e .. .t^.t~^ . .9 - '.. ...r^,..-rrr9,,rrr^... 

Kene. -P—^- — -^ ..-9..— p.. — —g...::\.r9-.r^.-.rrrrP..,^ 
Kerne. -Q.^. ...Q .tz> rrT^.rTTp. . . .,-,rP.rrP..rr^„.. 

Keres.^.r^. ^-^^...-^_T:a> qJ. .rr^-..rf*?..-TTr?... 

Skim, apQ_DQ____P ?^. a:-^.o — tq . 

Ekel. -^ -r^. .^^^^^.. - . .r^..^^-Tt— ^. -T^. .rrt^. . -TT-^. 

Leke . W. c..^ s. .sr. . srr. .^rr—. 4.-%— ..frrr. ..^rrri- 

Lik. ^.c^.<W^ ---.CT.«r7T-.<rr^ 

Nik. 9^.^^^=--A^^_ ..cr-.-O— ..OTTTj, 



Ghe. ...^.rr^.TT.^ .■^.Trr^..rr:- 

GeSe, -T«- .-r^ .-rr-^ .-^..-rrrTj .-rr^ 

Gele. .•r^.-...-r-rP..-rrr^ — ;..r^.-.. 

Gere. ...-^...-rrr^s..-^^ rp-.Trr^...": 

Geen. -rr9-.-.r-^-.Trrr=^ TD-.Tro-.-T: 



Geems...tP...-^..-:^r^, rO-.-'rrO--^^^----^--^^-- .">^- 

J'' ' ' ' ' 

Reag. .S^..4^-.^^ cr..crr-.-.c::r7r ^^^.-C^..^;,,^ 

Keart..-3._±>..^^^. ro-.r-p...— ^. -^.--«^.tt;=?.. 

Ke end , , _jb .-_4>. ..-..'/?. rr?.. rrro c5 . ..-r^. rrr^. ...... O. . 

QeBved. •:?>.. T<^.. 77:^. ::::>.. :::;5-..Tr;;> <;>... "rr>?.-TS;?j 

GeeJid,:r?o.-rrvo..-rrr^. -Tn...Tro-..T:7:a^.---."r;^...rrr!^.-'rrt«.., 

Keelt. T^..^T?..TrT^.. r:^...^77^_..r77T7^ -=?..— =?..,,,^_. 

Gith. .^...rr^:..::Trr-r .-^...r^-.TTrrrT.... 

Thick. :^...i^....#-^. ^T..yrr:.-y-:r7zr-... 

Ket ion,.-^)n^.-—:r^f?^... .r^..---T^--. --r:S=?. .-.-..-'-??.. -.r^?L:.-rrr-== 

Keech. 



n--!-—]- 



-7—j--'7--7-^- 



Stig. 



Ni^. 



.9--.^ 



Cnlg. '5-. 

Tik. 4-...X_../L.. .u..-L-...L^ 



Kit. .^ 






Peke. 

CAUTION .-- Do not forget the fact that the dot at the bei 
ginning of a stem indicates that the vowel in the stem pre- 
cedes the consonant, 

EXERCISE. _ 

Key, caw, coo, coy, scow, keys, case, cows ,kiss,ca3t ,cost , 
caused, coast , coaster, keel, call, coal, 'cool , kill, coil ,cull ,kin, 
ken, came, calm, comb, cares, scheme, skim, scum, scaly, school, scare, 
scar , score, scour , skein, scan, cases, causes, eke, ache, oek, aches, 
ax, ox, leak, lake, lock, like, lick, luck, look, reek , rake, rock, nick, 
knack, knock, nook, meek, make, mock, muck, acres ,rockers,liquo',:0» 
knuckles , nickel , gay, go , geese, gaze, gas , gauze ,gully , golly ,go63, 
guess, gale, gaily, gall, guy, goose, goal, ghoul, guile, gear, gore, 
gain, gory, gone, gun, game, gum, gills, goals, eggs, leg, lag, log, lug, 
1 eague,rig,r8g,rug, rogue, gas ses ,guesses,nag,nug, killed , called, 
cold, gold ,gilt ,callow,carry , curry , culled ,card,cared,goured, 
canned , gained ,ce.3h, gash, shake, shook, caution, scared, scored, 
scoured , skinned, scowled, scold , skimmed , scanned, thick, thug, kith, 
gush,skiff ,skuff , cuff , cough, scoffed , calf , king, gong, gang, re- 
gale, cur rent , account , occasion, occurred , cask, regard , record, 
slick, slack, sluggishly, sluggard, slag, tick, tickle, tackle, talk 
t uck, to ok, duck, keep, cape, caper, copper , skipper , cod , code, pack, 
packer , pickle, pig, pug, poke, back, bag, bog, bug, bo ok, could ,cat , 
caught ,coat .kit ten, cot ton, cutter, pick, digger ,dog,dug,gate, 
goat , good, guide, goad, baker , backer , got , sc at t er , cobble ,figain, 
skimming, looking, leaking, picking, talking, digging, gunning, 
s cheming, sc arm ing,cunning,coming,causing,kissing, guessing, 
gaining. 



. rrr^ ..TTTTn .. . rn - -a^ . r^. ,rT?=r. -Lr- L^. . lo . .1^. .-1^^ 

.^..^..^.^..^..^...L<,...^.-.^^..^..^..>.>..L?..y'..^..a^... 



I^OTE.-- In words composed of two stems, the group to which 
the word belongs is determined by the position of the finel 
hook or circle. 



Cares csn come. Bells can peal. Mobs can rob nobles. 
Beasts kill bees. Coal pools scare scores. jSchool-boys 
scale steeples. Robbers* schemes kill noble labor. Scowls 
scare littl*^ boys at school. Schemes are not scarce in tf^mes 
of peace. A score of causes caused the boaster to boast. 
Coins are made of metal. Boasters lack power. Liquors maKe 
wrecks. Lock-makers make locks. Boys tease bees. Oaken 
doors look neat. Might makes right. Luck makes leaders. 
Pale boys look meek. An open door was in sight. Tools are 
made of steel. The dame might buy an acre of coal. Geese 
like lakes. Calm days came again„ Time passes. Guns kill 
game. Rogues tell tales. Gales come down. Nags go past. 
Regs make rugs. Boys go to school. Robbers are in the store 
of the neighbor. The schemes of the robbers came to naught. 
The boy can tell the tale to the neighbor in town. The slug- 
gard does not dig the garden. The skipper bought a peck of 
pickles. The rogue stole the copper kettle. The skipper took 
a bag of copper in the boat. The boy despised th^ poor topper 
The skipper ate a ripe red apple at the table. The neighbor 
paid double toll at the gate. The keeper bought the copper^ 
and beat it into shape. The mob of boys scattered at the tap 
of the gong. The polite boy despised the rogue. The smoke 
of the town killed the game. The speaker spoke to the mob 



The liquor in the coppier kettle bbllS, Good times came again. 
The sting of the bee caused the pain. 



.L.t--c;2)_Q__cw2.^- .c:^^^-a^..-f.- X.J 









EXERCISE. 

Words Composed of Stems of Different Lengths. 

NOTE -- In words of two or more syllables, each stem 
should be of the proper length to express the exact sound Ox 
the syllable It is intended to represent. It is only the 
first stem that has its vowel transposed by being written 
across the line, the other stems being joined to the first 
without regard to position. 

Depart, debar, booty, psfrty, palter, border, pecan, began, be- 
gun, became, become, pulpit, builder, scattered, cattle, epic, epi- 

taph, edict, opportune, c&bal, cooper, captain, captive, deport, die 



tat ion, Duquesne, dapper, turkey, candor, camper, abide, abrupt, ac- 
tive, add let, aggregation, appendix, appertain, at tic, backbone, bail 
bond, bandy, banter, bar gain, barricade, barter, base-ball, bat ting, 
beadle, beaker, barn-do or, becalm, beguile, beside, bespatter, beto- 
ken, betook, binder, bolster, caboose, calico, caliber, campaign, can- 
dy, cannibal, carbonic, catarrh, cast igat ion, casting, guitar, coat, 
coat ing, CO 11 apse, cordage, correspond, disappoint , county, count ess 
coward 1 c e, obst acle,abstain,cuspador, dispel, deter, disport, dis- 
dain, Boston, pis ton, garden, recall, regiale, repel, repeal, repeat , 
rebuff ,record, regard, ret ire, recoil, racket , court eous,gabble, 
cobble- St one, tea-kettle, rapid, robust, carpenter ^benediction, 
obligat ion, report , despair , detour, disburse, dispense, despatch, 
pot at , t obacco , super int end , possible , upholstery , import , impart , 
induce, purposely " •legation, characteristic, reptile, reduced, 
beginning. 

The decay of the party began in the attempt to dictate 
terms. The dapper dandy was guilty of cowardice^ The captive 
had the backbone to banter the captain. Carbonic gas is not " 
good for a case of catarrh. The ship was becalmed in the Bay 
of Biscay. At the banter of the better the bid was taken." 
The nag cantered up the county road. The turkey was shot end 
killed by the captain of the boat. Tht bat is in the keeping 
of the band. Th^ campers camped at the barricade. The smoke 
of the burning barn beguiled the scattered cattle. The pulpit 
was bought at a bargain by the party. The painter gave the 
barn a coat of red paint. The collapse of the party was due 
to an aggregation of causes. The temper of the steel cannot 
be depended upon. ^ At en opportune time the report was des- 
patched. Possibly the report might be disappointing to the 
correspcndlng parties. In regard to the battle of the cam- 
paign, the retired captain called down the robust toaster at 
the beginning. The cars are going at rapid speed. A reptile 
in tne shape of liquor is in the open caboose. It is the duty 



[r.,:.^..^.:-.,.^_.,/..^...(ii...y.;..rri_,.../..c». 



.^.,™^...:.^.^..-"V^.74.::._^. 



^...•...^...v.:....W..:...w-...u.zfe.....-..a_,.^..,..-._^^., 



•.^.,..-../.._-..^.J.\,..,....../.-.....6..:.iJ: 



n 



^._;.,cf.p..A,.,^^.:...3aL'i..ls^../_.:..k,.:..ij 

&v^.-Z..7 ■ -^...v....-..^..^,...w,./ic^^..w..:...l_...../?. 



The initial R end L hooks, when lengthened , are pronou«^ced 
RE end LE, 



CHAPTER VIII. 

THE COiJSON/'J^'T 3TSM3 ? AND V. 

The consonant F is represent ed by'a vertical curved stem 
The^.cpnsonsnt V ig similar to^^the F, but -^alant ing a little to 
the rignt. All curved... stems take the circles and hooks on the 

concave side. 

fee, fey, fay. Taw,foe,foo. fie^fol.fou. 

_i,„cJ..._...j...J....l.....j..(...i.... 

vee,vey,vah. vew,voe,voo, vie^voi^vcu. 

, .wi,-L_..-.x...i..I,...u.i....L. 

efe,afe,af, awf ,of e ,ooT-. ife,oif,ouf, 

if,ef,af. of,uf^oof., 

3eve,3ave,sav, -sov,sove,3005-ct, s-ive , soi v-, souv. 

fese^fase^fas, fo.s,fose,f oos» f ise^'fois v^Tou.s. 

fi3,fes,fa3. fos,fus,foos» 

lefe,lafe,laf. lof ,loaf ,loof . lif e,loif ,louf , 

vele,vale,val, .vol ^vole ,voolo . vile , voil , voul. 

vll,vel,val. vol,\ajl,vool. 



3 



pefe,rafe,raf, rof ,rofe,roof . rife,roif ,rouf. 

■•P--C-- C-- •-9.---9-- -J- -f.--.f (■-. 

rlf,ref,raf. rof ,ruf ,roof, 

-(^-■G--G- ■-^-'^ 9-- 

vere,vare,var. vor,vore,voor, vire,voir,vour, 

.Ju:-..-Ll..-L..._....0 J J L.... L- Xr- 

i'eme,f Bine, fan. fom,fome,foom, f ime,foini,foum. 

..b.- .6-...— b.- •.d-.-.d.---:Cy.... .--Jb-.--.V5.. K>j.. 

kefe,kafe,k8f . kof ,kof e,koof • klfe,koif ,koul . 

•■"^ ™^-"^--^--)-"-^ .^-..^...^.. 

fin,fen,fBJi, fon,fun,foon. 

-6.--..k.— C... .-•-q)....q) J-._- 

vene, vane, van. ' VDn,vone,voon, vine,voin,voun. 

.!oi.--_-S5--..W- •-o>.----.'a J--- -k-._ v?:....\a.,... 

fish, fesh, fash. fosh,fush,foo3h. 

i. L L J I..,. J.-.. 

8hefe,shafe,8haf. shof ,shofe,shoof . shif e,shoif ,shouf . 

-f-- -f (•- -J ■•■)-■-■) (-:■ f {■- 

/eath,faith,fath, foth,foath,f ooth. f ieth,foith,fouth. 

_s. L .(.. A.....J i c L...,..L.. 

theif ,thaif,thaf. thof ,thoaf ,thoof . thief ,thoif,thouf. 

^--'^ f--^^ ^f--^ <^- -(■--f-- 

fib,feb,fab, fob,fub,foob 

deaf ,daif ,daf. dof ,doef ,doof . dief ,doif ,dDuf . 



NOTE.-- The stems T and D are usually written up\7ara 
when followed by the 'stems F or V. 

The cspirate H is indicated ty a short tick across a 

Qterr\,at the beginning for the first group, and at the end for 
the second group. The shaded tl-^k represents the long sound 
the light tick the short sound. * 

fete, fate, fat. f ot ,f ote,f cot . f ite,f oit ,f out. 
veke,vake,vak. vok,voak,vook. vike,voik,vouk. 



_W. 



NOTE.-- If the third stem of the Second Group is shaded 
slightly at the end, it takes the sound of U instead of 00. 

'JJhen the curve in a stem" is almost a semi-circle it has 
the sane effect as if the stem were written across the line; 
that is, the vowel comes first. 

READING AND WRITING' EXERCISE. 

Fee,foe,f le, vie, evil, if , of , eve, awful,f ace, foes, loaf , vice, 
leaf , few, fewer, view, voice, vows, leaves, lave, laugh, lives, feel, 
fall,fill,fell,fail,fool,file,folly,fowl,veal,vole,rife,rifle, 
raffle,saf er, cipher , vital, voter ,feeder,f iddl e,deceiver,de- 
ceive , cave, cough, skiff, effect ,fog,f ig, fury, fir ey,vogvie, pave, 
puf f,river , rover, fierce, force, farce, rafter, rueful, cuff y, filly 
over ,f oil , apher e, f or cs t s, gulf, curve, careful, carve,devout , de- 
feat ,terrif i offender , defender ,disc over , deliver , definite, testi- 
fy ,develop,felgning,fan,fun,finder, fainter, founder , fatal, fat- 
ten,f alter Ing, faker , fishes ,f aith, faithful, even, paver , be aver, 
peevishjbeef i8h,foolish,before,bef all,bef ell,def amiI1g,diffi- 
culty,deficit ,deficient ,fife,festlve,votive,laughing,loving, 
f lttlng,recovef ing,pacif lc,benef it ,benefici el, specific, venture 
feature,opport canity, foresight ,def Ined ,la\vfully ,f ilt ered ,def er, 
r efer, effect ive, telephone, of fie i ally, dividend,revls ing,differ- 
ent , defiant ,fulf ill ed, forcible, form, reforn, perversions , devo- 
tlon,bereft, bereave, vent 11 ate, feeling, fear ing, failing, fall ing, 
Vividly , haver sack, heavily, hove, hovering, revealed, vanity, fore- 
st all, perfectly, supervisor, deference, deferred , referred. 



.k..^...c...' ..^.7..'^■-■^■■-'^■•-4/4..^..■5-■.',■■ 
/...^......p....o..L.J...v-.t;^-l.-■•-v••■i)•■-^■•V- 



The fierce rover fell off the roof of his stockede. The 
tele of the deceiver deceived the careful defender of the ceve 
Can the finder testify to the false tale? The boy tells 8 
definite tale of his defeat* A safer road can - be found by 
the forest. Be careful, boys at the curve of the road, to look 
for the cars. Be careful to vote right at* the polls. Be 
ever feithful to the duty. The lads roved off Into the forest. 
The thieves mede off, laid the gold, and stowed it in the ship. 
The rovers shdved the boet into the bay. The thief rowed over 
the river in a boat. The bad boys stole the boat, end rowed it 
over the river. The lad is deficient in his upper sphere. 
The knave fell into the awful gulf. The fish are in the river. 
The event ceme off at the time set for it. Often times the 
boy became sad. A boy ate a biscuit and a potato. The. deceiv- 
er met e terrible obstacle. The ship stuck fast and was puli- 
ed off the snag. The thief fell into the river before the 
boats. The boy might make en effort to obtain the gift. The 
effort was after his full approval. The bill of lading was 
laid upon the bookkeeper's desk. The table was covered by 
coins, TYte party happened to go his road, 

,^ .y,.:...-^...._.^ ..-..^.^ /-•...4../......:...U....^ 

•o./..^.l:_?._...i..^_/..:^^..^y..:.i.....v.^^.i^.Z;. 

li..r...^..:..G..---;.^^-,.-/-.--..6./^..V.----^----i-Y>^----V- 
.k^...,,L/........^.../0..,..^.^...:4.^-....C...._^i.,..-..%^...; 

^./ij......:..L,..^...^..j..-.\^..4..^. • A o -^ \ ^. 



CHAPTER IX . 

THE CONSONANTS CH AND J. 

The double consonenta CH and J are represented by 
straight sterna written downvrard similar to the T and the D 
stems, but having a distinct shading 8t»the lower end; thus: 

che,chay,chah. chaw,choe,choo. chle,chol,chou. 

_/...../..../ J....-LJ.. 

je»jay»jah. jaw,joe,joo. jie,Joi,Jou. 

^...Z../. ;,./...•/..■/ 

each,aitch ,atch, otcn,oatch,ootch. letch, oltch,outch. 

■■/■•--/■• /■- ^--7- /- 

eje,aje,aj. oj,oaJ,ooj. ^ lje,oi j ,ouj. 

■^-/-/--/-/-/- 

Re-write the lines above, giving the stems the short vow- 
el sounds. 

8eje,sRje,saj. so j ,soaj ,sooJ, si je,soi j ,30uj, 

/-■•■■■/^■■/■- 7--y^-/- 

leach, laich,lach, loch, loach, looch. liech,loich,louch. 

-/■• /■•-/ -■/ 7- 7- 

reach, r8ich,rach, roch, roach, rooch, rlech,roich,rouch. 

-F--f^- -f- 7- •;-■■;- 

cheer, chare, char. chor,chore,choor, chlre,cholr,chour.^ 

.L.....L...L J....J....J... 

f itch, f etch, fatch. fotch,futch,footch, 

ir..._k..._k.. 



> -i -I 



jene, jane, Jan. Jon, jone, joon, jine, join, joun. 



jeke, jakp . jF>k. jok , joke, joo/.^ j Ike , Joik, jou;c, 

chit ,chet , chet , chot ,chut ,choot, 

cheerd ,chalrd ,oherd, . cn-^rd ^choard^cho'/rd. etc. 

...i u.....Jj d ''J, ^Z 

Jilt, jelt, jalt. jolt , jult Joolt. 

^. /;,./ :.^...y / 

jlm, jecij Jem, joia, jum, joom, 

ne je,naje,naj. no j ,no Je ,noo j. ni je,no i j ,nouj, 

t hi tch,tb«^tch, thatch, thotch^thut ch,thootch» 

r- f /■ ■/■ /■ /- 

jele, jele, jal. jol , jole , jool, j lie , joil , joul, 

.z-. ./.../ y..../....J.. 

chist , chest ,chast , chest ,chust ,chooat ♦ 

..i /. L J. J. -/. 

cnif ,chef ,chaf . chof ,chuf ,choof . 

-/ /-./- /- / /.- 

chlnt , Ghent , chant. chont ,chunt ,choont. 

.. L L L c/ .(/ A.. 

RSADINa AND WRITING EXERCISE, 

Chew, j ew,eBCh,i^, edge, seige, sage, hedge, such, notch, nit ch, 
hltch,match,m8 j or much,chop, chuck, Joke, jib, cheat , jade, cheek, 
choke, teach, touch, chalk, ditch, Dutch, peach, patch, cage, chin, gin, 
jam, cheer, f etch, chief, gentle, chuckle, chaff , Jove, ravage, package 
leakage ,chlef tain, cottage , object , subject ,gent ile, J umble, kitch- 
en, richly . jump, negligence, courage , hatch, chilly , gill, choose, 
just, chest , jester, cudgel, vigil, agile, satchel, jolly, chajnoer, 



Didget, budget, thatch, chant, Chester, leach, latch, jabber, jobber, 
chain, jammed , reach, roach, ratchet , jumper , lodge, chilled , j ilt , ob- 
ject ion, re ject , legislator, legend, legendary, passage, jolting, edg 
i'^tad justed, coinage , purchase, apologist, justly , Egypt , foliage 
voyage, suffrage, forgery, corrupt ,sKieleton,repet it lon,dist 11 , em- 
balmed , deposit ,upholstery, temperate, abolish, spectacle, candle, 
kinder, superstitious, redeemable, disappoint ,8 tumble, hovering, 



/.Z/...,-^.y..-^../.y..;..,?..^--V y^.^..^....f..4.^..<..../'- 
.<^-.t,../L.^...J>...■<;-.=7--->:.-fer..li^-^..-i--./..,6../--.j..^.. 

,.b..^.,^...^..j.-£^.^.,.^..^..^...^-..(^...>^.- 



NOTE--The final M circle shaded takes the sound of MP. 

Cemp , pump, pomp, scamp, dump, d8mp,scimp, pimp , tamp, decamp, 
s t cmp , c ompas s , bump , gimp , encamp , vamp , chump , j ump , champ . 

.-r...9....Q^...d...O:^T-P....C>f....<^...c^,..,b...6..../.0....^ 

assist 8 neighbor if possible. The pastor left a package 
8t the store. State the object of the cipher. The joker ate 
the peaches of the chief. Savege dogs berk at night. The 
boy laughed at the jumper. The poor slave locked the door of 
the chember. The agile savage pitched the package to the 
chieftain. The sage touched the pole. The ball lodged in 
the thatched roof. The little girl jumped the rope. The jump- 
er can jump over the deep ditch. The fox caught the goose by 
the neck. The dog was choked by a bone. The little girl 
reached for the spoon. The charred piece of timber fell into 
the river. The jolt made the box fall. The thug looks meek 
to-day. Birds eat seeds. The noble was at the beth. The 
booth was opened by the boys. The rogue stole the liquor. At 
the time spoken of, it was impossible. The party became sober. 



An apology was Justly due the temperate speaker. The faith- 
ful pfistor labored diligently to prevent the disappointing 
spectacle. 



_.,...,..^...,..|...../4-.^-..-.V-/; ■•■■^-■■••-•/■■•;-j--v-- c- 

.■.^-./-.; j^.,.---/-...-.^..^-.-.W./../p--,.:...\,^^./.:.. 
..cf....:..J....,..-:...c/,>.-..4,...;..;....^..,...,l^.J.-^. 

•.^.../^..•J....-.-..J..^..v-...:,^....9..-....-.4...~i>..or^.:.r)..^.. 
.:..(^..-.^..cvr.->,-..-..^...^..... • ...U..^. -....-rn^...\.. ;.a^.., . : 



7 






6....L^-..y.y....o....cP....;...y...U;)...^.-..-T.J..P. 

^../.•/4...t..-..i,i-^..^....y..4.....^....^;..... 



CH end J ^ initial and final. are represented by a shaded 
hook ,thus : 

judge , t ouch, teoch,d it eh, chief, chewed .catch , coach. 
f-.--^ ^ ■<^- f -^.-.--^....r^... 



CHAPTER X. 

THE CONSONANT STEMS S AND Z, 

The consonant S Is represented by a curved stem slanting 
to the left. Z is represented by a stem with a still greater 
slant to the left, 

8e,say,sah, saw,soe,800. sie,Goi,sou. 
/../../,. .:L..:l.J. (..L.L 

sese,naGe,3as. aos ,soa-s,80os, sies ,sois,sous. 
..^.... C, C. .:,oi.:ol.,:J.. .(>..,( C. 

lese^lc^e, las. los ,lo8s,looa. lise,lois,lou8, 

r-r-r ->-•;-;- -r-./-/- - 

rese,r8se»ras. ros ,roas,roos. rlse^rois ,rous. 
sele,scle,sal. sol , seal ,sool, sile,soil,aoul. 

C^.../:....C.. .-J... -J...:/. J. ..(..../. .. 

sere ,sQre ,38r. sor ,soar ,soor, sire, soir, sour. 

.Cr....C:...C:. :.U..:J:.:J.„ .L..L...L... 

seme, a erne ^8 am, som,some ,soom« sime,ooim,s oum. 

.h:..b.:.A:. :d..:.d..:d.. ..6.. .6 6.. 

seke,8aKe,sak. sok,soke,8ook, 8ike,80ik,souk, 

8int ,sent ,sant. sont ,8imt ,soont. 

seald ,s&ild,sald. sold,8oald ,soold, sleld,soild,30uld, 

I ^ C .y..../ /. ..L.L (... 



zele,zale,zoK zol ,zole,zocl. zile,zoil ,zoul. 

.C....<{'> .. C... ..:-y...'^.. .:<y. C. C /. • 

eze,f3ze,az, oz,oze,ooz. ize,oiz,ouz. 

-. r /■ ■- :^ J ^ ( {- 

seeth,sailh,sath. soth^sosth, sooth. sit lie, so ith, south. 

..,. /^..i., .,.,.....;. J. f...l L. 

seash,seish,s8sh. sosh,so8sh,soosh. 3ishe,soish,soush. 

.X.-- / L.- .-V-:^.---:^-- (-.1. (-. 

s i S3 ion, s ess ion, SB ss ion. sossion,sussion,soossion. 

.A- A L d -A J...... 

READING AND 'WRITING EXERCISE. 

See, say, saw, so, sue, sign, ease, ace, ooze, is,ce,&sed , size, hiss 
lease, 1 ace, loose,lose,race,r ice, rouse, seal , sale, soul, so il , 
silly, sell , sour,sore, soak, sack, city ,tu3sle, sicker, castle ,ask, 
busy, cozy , baser, haze, chisel ,jos tie, silk, si Iky, search, service, 
survey, rus 1 1 e, m" es 1 1 e, r azor , racer , escape, soiled , sold, seldom, 
seared, sword ,sired , soured , signed ,hose , sound, sounder, centre, 
saunter, seem, same, sane, zone, soon, seemed, house, sailed, si Ik en, 
silver, dili gent , d e s erve , sung , sul,K ing , seize, rescind, synd i c s t e , 
sagacity , fancy , suspend , suspenders, ascertain, design, designing, 
posit ion,possess ion, successful , sustain, suspicion, sincere , a as- 
sist , serious , south, sympathy ,desire ,systemat ic ,recently, saintly 
persistently ,resolute, sulphuric, result , pursuance, received, deci- 
sion, of ficer, reasonable, d is aster, sol icit , assemblage, as sailed, 
Genesis , revolver, thousand s,facility,December, desolate , stipu- 
late, discount , disposed, associate, residue , design, resign, sully, 
sing, sang, song, sinning, sunning, signing, sorry, sailing, soaring, 

J...C..k.C..C...d..i^. £^..|..</..4:'.-..^..A_..^..^.J..^...<*'.-f/ 



A baser metal can be made of tin. A careful surveyor 
surveyed the soil of the city. The edge of the chisel is dull 
The mob sacked the city at night. The case of silk fell off 
the boat. The wreck Is over the river at the depot. The ci- 
der soured in the vessel. In the centr.e v?as a fine silver tea 
service. The session was soon overhand the door was shut end 
locked. By the aid of the soldier, the vessel was discovered, 
and 8 diligent search wss made for the sword. The coon ate 
the tin can of thick soup. The cautious boy shook the car. 
The goose stuck in the mud. The lad tamed the deer. The 
stag 8te the shock of corn, A lugger came to the coast in 
the night. The slave escaped in a sail-boat. Slavery was 
abolished in the South in 1862. The bounty was paid over to 
the soldier. The posjl. ion was not desirable. Possession was 
taken at the point of the bayonet. In pursuance of the deci- 
sion of the court , possession was given. 



CHAPTER XI. 

THE CONSONANT STEM W, 

The consonant 'W is represented by a shaded stem slanting 
upward to the rights 

we,way,w8h« waw,woe,woo6 wie,woi,wou. 



When the vowel is transposed by writing the W sten? 
'through the line, the accent is on the second syllable. 

ewe,evTay,awah, ewew,awoe,avroo. awie,awoi,awou. 



swe,swa,swah. swaw, swoe,swoo. swie,swoi,swou. 

wene, wane, wen* won,wone,woon. wine,v7oin,woui-i. 

.^.-./rp.../:TT^. .^....■^,..^^.. ..^ >^,..^^^,. 

weer, ware, war. wor ,wore,woor« wlre,woir,wour. 

.^. .rro....^:::?. ..^....^ .„.^. .^....^r^...>^rr?- 

wele,wale,wal. wol,Trole,wodl. wile,woil,woul. 



werae , wame , warn. wom,wome,woom. «ime,woim,woum. 

wepe,wape,wep, wop,wope,woop. wipe,woip,woup, 

^q-..-..^-..^.. ,^...^....-=^.. .^.....^.../-^... 

wint , went , want , wont ,wunt,woont, 

weke,WBke,wak. wok, woke, wook. wike,woik,wouk. 



Wilt, welt, wait, wolt ,wult,woolt 



Wlth.wetb^wsth* woth,wuth,woothf. 



wish, wesh, wash, wosh,wush,woosh, 



wist , west , wast. wost,wust ,woost. 



NOTE.-- The M and the N circle at the beginning of stems 
ere frequently pronounced IM end IN." 

READING AND WRITING EXERCISE. 

We , way , woe , woo , s wan , wine , wane , we ep , wif e , wai t , win , wo es . 
wit , swoon, week, wake, winter, wonder »w&lst coat , wicked, wabble, 
awhil e, swain, waif , with, swath, swill, swell , swale, swim, swam, 
swor e, wealth, worth, welsh, welter, warder, wider ^ we stern, west , 
T^ast.e. wistful, watchful ♦witch, wench, wings, await ing_, stockade. 
w elk ing, wakeful , wheel .whal^ .whack, weakening. willow, wallow, wee 

r y ,worry,jB?ooly , willing, winning, twill , twist , dwell ing, whistle. 






r::f..^,.-^-_<?.,J^,-.J^- 



A- 



The waistcoat of the waiter was a wonder to the neighbors 
itie busy maid searched the kitchen for the whisk. The weiter 
walked over the gulf at night. The cozy widow patched the 
waistcoat for the dirty sweeper of the sidewalk. A package 



of Silk WER left at the cottage. We awoke at dey-llght. We 
might discover the object of the jest. The wit was scarce 
and the wisdom was weak. The careful boy will not loiae the 
watch. The smack is in the bay. The teeth of the beast are 
of bone. The rogue came down to the lake. We wished to ob- 
tain the package as soon as it was possible to, get it. We ab 
stained because we wished to postpone the passage of the bill^ 
The desperate fool made a dlsturb8/ice,and we made an attempt 
to dampen his temper. We wish to make such a diversion as wll 
will stop the cutting of the forests* The weather is colder 
to-day. Politics govern the city. V?e might make an effort to 
stem the tide of opposition, 

;...r^.,.:..^..«....,^./.:..^.....-.,;.^..y..-..-^..A.:.-. 
.^-....-..^..^....^ -..TTr^.y..^.. ■ -^ ^ I, • ^ ' • 

.A/./^..^,..■..,<<?^-->..L?.-y.6^T....5..^.^.— ;7---..-..^T^•^.^.- 
,ir..yQ.. <fc^. ..'...l.....V|...'.. ^..•...'...-7...9...ftr3. ..'..;..-fS:9. c.-C".-..-'. 

,.Y..l.,..;..,cr:Tr...-.^_..<^7..;...?=^...-...<T.r:T./.y..:.Lj /.y. " 
/■■-,- t^--^ ■/•-■-- t-'^-tJ'^-t^-^-"-'- ■"■ 



/ 



^..LO^. 



.<:gJ..^.....^..,...^..^-.-.-^-../-.^,.-^, 



7- 



C?iAPTSR XII. 

THE CONSONANT STEMS M AKD M. 

The. consonant stem M is represented by s curved horizon- 
tal stem. The stems of the Second Group are slanted dovmward 
slightly to render them more distinct from the First Group. 

me,may,mah. maw,moe,moo. mie,moi,mou. 



NOTE.-- As the horizontal stems are not written across 
the line to indicate thst the vowel comes f irst ,the same fact 
is indicated by giving the stems a greater curve. The same 
rule extends to sll curved st ems, namely , that the transposition 
of the vo^el is indicated by giving a greater curve to the 
stems, 

eme,ame,am, om,ome,oom. ime,oim,oum. 



im,em,am. om,um,oom. 

The consonant N is represented by a horizontal stem 
curved in the opposite -direction from the M, 

ne,ney,neh. nav;,noe ,noo. nie,noi,nou. 



ene,ane,pj\. on,one,oon. ine,oin,oun. 
reme,reme,ram. rom,rome,room. rime,rolm,roum. 



mere, mere , mar. mor, more, moor. mire,moir,mour, 
1 erne, leme, lam. lorn, lome , loom. lime,loim,loum. 



\ 



mele,male,mal. mol,mole,mool. mile,moil,moul, 



ni- 



mene, mane, man, mon,mone,moon, mine,noin,mouni 



::o...r:ti. 



.^...Tii. 



.'t^. . .r~tt„. ^TTVf. 



mlmymomymam* mom^muiayDtooin. 

rene,rane,ran, ron,rone,roon. rine,roin,roim, 

nene,nane,nan, non, none, noon, nine, no in, no an, 

lene, lane, Ian. lon,lon9,loon, line, loin, loun. 

: w . . s^^. - 5-^ _ . _ ^ - _ S^. - -"w^ -Wl - 5^-.^. - SL^-r. - - 

nlm,nem,naiQ, nom,num,noom, 

>P...--P.>^ vD..v^.>>^ 

nele,nale,nal, nol,nole,nool. nile,noil,noul. 



milt , melt , malt, molt , mult ,noolt, 
nere,nare,nar. nor,nore,noor. nlre,noir,nour. 



mint,ment,mant. mont,munt,moont, 



rc5 <-I5- 



.Z6. . .T^ 



mith,meth,mBth, moth,fflUth,mooth» 

sme,ama,smah, smaw,smoe,smoo* sml6,8mol,8mou. 

<^....C7>..tf:77^....?>..--'!^--_-'T7^ ji3T>...ic:^...^rry> 

8ne,3na,8neh, snaw,snoe,snoo. 8nip,snoi,snou, 



mish,nesh,mash. moah^mush^moosh. 

th erne, thame, them thorn, thome,thoom. thlmo,thoxn,tho^uin. 



8him,shem,ohea7i, shorn, shum,ohoom, 

rr;lss ion, aess ion, mass ion. mo5Sion,nussion,moosion. 

.:^. .T^...--'r7^^-- --"T^ -35 -':TS:i..- 

mist ,ncGt ,mast . most , must ,inoost . 

.rrrj -T]?— -rrrr^..- .n!-....:::5....r:r2s.— 



READING AKD WRITING EXERCISE. 

I.;e,na7,rnav7,my , mow, knee, know, gnaw, new, niQh, nay , now, roam, 
r earn, rh;,Tne,leme,liine,loom,nare, mar, mere ,-moon,mire ,mein,moan, 
mine, nos e, knee 3, kiiows, nice, nice, noise, mouse, mace, roomer, knave 
f orsner, f or ei.^n, march, amaze, balmy, bony, cony, mazy, noisy, money, 
jn any, onne sty, ounce,lo-an6e,ro'and,rariny, china, mo St, masses, mental 
mister , inspire, render, lend er,mill,rnole , mile, male, mount a in, 
solen-inity, shine, Gham,shuri,nission,netion,nat icnal ,not ion, mint, 
meant , m.oaned, mind, mp'OTid, named, nomination, nominal , theme ,th.eta, 
than,thin,thinner ,th'amb,melt ,corner , col urrm, balance , mist, nosed 
musty ,mas tiff , range, ranch, storm;,', o\7ner 3 ,season,v^icinity, in- 
ducement , assignment , equipment ,monopoly, renewal , channel ,negot i- 
at e, h im, ham, hum, hemp er, hanker , hone, hunker , moaning, remaining, 
motioning, moving ,emotionai,nelly , nelly , mill y, me How. appear - 
anc e, management ,finenci al, enchant ,tendency , doc omen ts, nob ili - 
ties, manufacture /onload, in j unction, department ,locomot ion, navi- 
gation, unpardonable, remitt8nce,to-'morrow,eaTiiceble,domes tic, ' 
nechcni(.,intelligent , indulgent, standard, emphatic, denial, mi sr e- 
present&tion,eccompeny,infer, inference, infer red ,iunlikely ,an- 
nounced,meintain,pe3senger ,merchandi8e ,meterlel ,immaterial,miB 
taken, invar i8ble,disappoint, -undersigned, acknowledge, desponden- 
cy, informed,information,enumeration,necessity,necessnrily, 
necessary, unnecessary, furnish, furniture, undismayed, admission, 
admit ,un£ble,in8 Gil it y,occurrence,meantlme ,memorandujn,ligl-it- 
ning, government, recommend, en jo;/Tnent, superintend, maxim'um^, in- 
sert , insertion, Intoxicating, development , engagement ,encoura-e- 
ment, currency, entire, differ ential, demon shed, infidel It y, in- 
habit ,nar(jin, assess inat ion, ins tit utions,reinrorc ed, me ^ifi- 
cence»dlmlnish,pen8lty , utter ance, meteor ic, monsters, rnagnit-.de , 
J iG'noriost, insensible, arinuity,deina3e, namely, manufectory,cust - 
i-'er, be lance, mile age, per cent age , Iranedietely ,unariswered,manlpu- 



late, imaginet ion, misapprehend ,Bnnointment , moment , angel, re ver 
ent ial, image, imegine, counten8nce,ra8 Jest y, minis ter,numblin,'^ , 
column,miscell8neous , destiny, engaged, ar ranged, steemer, indorse- 
ment. 



,:r;j. 



.'^- 



.^T2..^-^.->J^. 



--kJ^-.^m^-r-?- 







V'-y 








WOTE.-- Slant the M stems of the second group dov/nwerd 
slightly to distinguish them from those of the First Group. 

The balmy winds of March soon take away the snow. Iv 
eat nuts and corn. Money makes knaves of men. Some men t 
too much. My noisy neighbor was a foreigner. The moon gi 
light at night. Many moons may come and go before we may 
the like again. We may inspire courage. We might insist 
amnesty to the. masses. Again we inspire courage to resist 
evil. The moon shown down upon tne forest. We saw the mo 
tain in the dim distance. The s^re read in the stars the 



ice 
alK 

ves 

Sc€ 

on 

unt- 
foie 

The 
Vni ok 



er'than it was before. The obligation is such that we ccnnot 
resist the appeal. We made en epplicntion for the position. 
Fuel was not ebundcnt in the city during the cold weather, bul 
soon came in repidly TJhQYi the snow disappeared. The county at 
torney is en officer of the State. 



■i^-r--.J,-\-'--/' 



CHAPTER XIII, 

DOUBLE CONGOMANTS. 

The consonants T,P,K,with their cognates, and F unite with 
the consonant R to form double consonants, and are indicated by 
writing the stems a short distance above the line, 

tre,tra,trcih. traw,troe,trop. trie,troi ,trou, 

/• / ___/ •/ ./ / / / /. 

bre,bra,brah. braw,broe,broo. brie,broi,brou, 
.\,..\,..\. A \ \.. \....\...\ 

kre,kra,krah. krew,kroe,kroo, krle,kroi,krou. 



fre,fra,frah. fra/7,froe,froo. frle,froi,frou. 

,(_.__{ ( ) ).._,) ( (..___( 

The consonant V,the cognate of F,'/7lll not combine with R 
to form a double consonant, as vre,VTa,vrah,etc. ,and therefore 
the R must come after the vov7el;thus.* 



The consonants P,K,F,with their cognates and S unite 
with L to form double consonants, and ere indicated by vrritlng 
the stems below the line. 

ple,pla,plah. plaw^ploe,ploo plie,ploi ,plou. 

"■|-""T [ ;r--j -J ] j {-■ 

gle,gle,glah, glaw^gloe ,gloc. gl le . g-Lo i , glou. 



rie,fla,flRh. flaw, floe, floo.- f 1 le ,f loi , f lo\ 

"' f \ ^"■■■7 )■■""■"« ( (" 



Since V will not unite with L,as vie,vla,vian,etc. ,the L 
must follow the vowel; thus: 

vele^vale,vaa, vol, vole, vool. vlle,voil,voul» 

•^- \ 'X" ' ^"'""'"\ "^ ^ ^-"" 

sle,sl9,slah. slan,sloe,sloo. slie,sloi4 slou. 

■'-T-J r-y 7 r T f 

The S stem under the line forms a double consonant with 
L,but placed above the line it will not unite with R, as sre, " 
sra,sreh,etc.,but must be pronoimced sere, sare,sar, etc. ; thus: 

sere,sare,sar. sor,sore,soor. sire, soir, sour. 

S.J...1 L.J J. (.../..../. 

In words composed of two or more stems, it Is only the 
first ste« that combines with R or L by being written abovo or 
below the line, 

SXSROISS. 

Tree, blow, tray, blew, true, glee, try, gloir, dray, flee, draw, 
flay, dry, flaw, pray, flow, craw, flew, crow, fly, fry, slay, grow, sly, 
grew, slow, free,flifes, fray, flows, dress, fleece, trays, slice 5 
strays , split , straws ,plight , sprays , blood , screwsbleed , freeze ^ 
flaws ,f rays , floater, trick, glades , clover , track, cleave , trust , 
closed, breed, blessed, pressed, imply, impressive, reply, trustful J 
incline,refrain,f lust er,retrench,reclaimf intrinsic , implore 
profane, clasp, profligate, replete, translate, blockade, transit, 
plain, retrieve, flicker, presume, fleck, trouble, fleeter, gruff, 
gl ove, crane, clove, brave, bless, brief, cliff ,repr oof , clung, im- 
prove , glass , gri ef , class , grove , class if y , grave , olaim,dr ink , cla- 
mor, drunk, fling, frank, flank, strimg, plank, freak, clang, break, 
cling, cringe, bluff, greater, cloth, trimmed, clinch, triple, plant 
Fr ench, Florida, prof it able, plunge, pre judtcial, plenty, preach , re- 
flect ion, prudently, Cleveland, presume, clerk, presumption, flanr.el 
transmit , slur , transmission, glorify, promote, apply, promotion, 
regular , draft , blasphemy, trampling, regulate, preservation, clear- 
ness, regret, reclaim, tremendous, clever , scrupulous prolonged, 
clash, crash, Clara, fraudulent, clew, preference, clay, breweries, 
glue, strata, glare, triumphant, ecclesiast ical,l it eral. slim, ap- 
prcTve, slake, transfer, pleasure, pressure, revelation, precious, 
clause, sprinkled, flip, traffic, flop, increase, flush, prosper, 
flake transpose,f lock, precisely , plush, tra3:isf erred, clutch, 
preferring, pledge, preference, slain, gravity, gloora,private, 
gloaming,principle, flimsy, driven, flame, travel, flag, prior, 
flesh, traverse, florist, drench, plain, trench, plaster, streaming, 
climax, straining, glinting, cramp, cleaning, grinning, cloudy. 



/. / ./ / / y / I. -= -^ _ L 

"TrT""::::: ^', '^C^T'Tn'TT'^i 



c 



r 



T"-^T"''""D ^-'-^C'^-^ ^ ^ 



f ..A ^ f ^ r 



-a , 



:h;zE::2i:!z::2':3:^zs:^^ 



LP 



7^ 



■^ ( r ^ u. V -^ 

.^..-:;:^....,,-i,-i,....ii.._T;._:.L«: .^._. 

' ^ ^ r "7^^ 



^.. ^ 



l^ 






i 



\ 



Lx- 






/. 



A 



■^^' ^ -^ fc ^ L_ 



£/' 



k i 



Impressive services, took place at. the grave of the de- 
ceased prisoner of war, We discovered no trace of the' stray 
cattle. rne result of the search impressed us by its awful 
solemnity. We reclaimed a greater part of the soil by a broad 
end deep drain. We incline to b%lieve the story to be true. 
The reply was such to inspire trustfulness. Great stress was 
laid on the fact of his innocence. Upon mature reflisction 
the transaction was transferred to another classification. We 
regret the impression was not so clear and pleasing as we were 
inclined to look for. Greater profits' were not obtainable at 
the time the trouble occurred in the camp. The brewery prof- 
fered assistance, and it was hot accepted. A brief reproof was 
administered to the noisy class. The precise story of his 
troubles was precisely true. 

_~^J,.,.;../..A..,l.,...-,..^..-..^.^./..i..-..x/./A./... -^ 

The placing of all other stems including the vowel stems 
except those stems which unite with R' and L to form double con 
sonants, above or below the line, indicates that the stem ends 
with R or L respectively. 

EXERCISE. 
Gheer,chair , char, mere, mar, more, sore, nor ,ne8l, meal, mail, 
jail, will, well, wail, were, remorse, resource, inward, military, 
milliner y , mouldy, murder , mortal, mo It en, miracle, remark, sources 
mercy , knowledge, serve, reserve , mourn, mourner , ceremony, north, 
nearest , merest , mortgage , milker , surrender , sermon, violate, honors 
able, energy, enlarge, northern, worth, analysis, enormous, valid, 
nerve,nervous,milder, reverberations , del ay, wilderness , circuit 
circumstances, mult it ude,unreason8ble ,ch8rt er ,moreover,merit , 
merit or ions , immersed , immersion, surety , surely , only , analyze, 
dealer , serial. cereal. 

/^/ /_J7^'^_'~^ ^ ^. .. „ -< ^- '^^ ^^ 



The wicked woman implored the stricken man for mercy. A 
TT^il of remorse impressed us as we walked dovm the gloomy cor- 
rldoe of the prison. Man is mortal. The right kind of knowl- 
edge, la an inward source ofblissin time of trouble, '^e were 
stricken with remorse. We were very glad of the honor. The p 
place of honor was reserved for his parents. The analysis pre 
eents great impurity. The majority must prevail in the notion- 
al council. The man with plenty of energy will succeed. The 
pursuit was abandoned. The struggle was still maintained. 
The new serial story will give the market price of cereals 
every week. Immense numbers of Germans came from the North. 
A few only returned to the forests of the North, 



'r^zzz^..y 



Double consonants may also be indicated by cutting the 
first stem by the second, for R,and writing the second very 
close to the fir^t for L,in the following manner: 

Telegram, program, telegraph, disagree, degree, fragrant, fla- 
grant , disgrace, inscribe, subscribe, caprice,deprive, progress, 
digress ion, preclude, discipline, deplore, decline, superfluous, 
phot ographed,nostril, secretary, emigrant , duplicate, prostration, 
re-lnclose,duplicity,children,surplus,engr8ved,procrestin8tlon 
neutral, Democratic, Instrument, demonstration, entrench, instruc- 
tion, district , distract , destruction, accomplishment . 






•> ^ 






SENTENCES. 

The district attorney prosecuted the criminal. The pros- 
tration of the officer precluded all attempts at restoring 
discipline. The caprice of the scroundrel caused him ( im ) to 
decline the secretary's gracious offer. The frail platform 
fell with a terrible crash. The unscrupulous politician seem- 
ed to deplore the disgraceful result. The fragrant flowers 
were placed on the pulpit for the minister. The discrepancy 
proved to be simply a blunder of the clerk's. To him, duty--" 
stern daughter of the voice of God"--WBs ever paramount. Slav- 
ery was the apple of discord between the North and the South. 
An obstruction was built in the district road-way. 



CHAPTER XIV. 

PRIMARY VOWELS. 

The primary vowels of the language are represented as 
follows: 

e, a, ah, aw, o, oo. i, ol, ou, 

^...^...- \ I...y 1^../. ...\,. 

Each of these stems has two sounds, a long and a short 
sound. Write the stems, pronouncing each, first with its long, 
and then with its short sound. Write the S stem upwerd and 
the 00 stem downward, 

CAUTION,-- Remember that the vowel comes first in stems 
that are curved more than usual, 

3he,sha,shah, shew, sho, shoo, shi ,shoi,shou, 

.x„/..,/, J....J.....L J I /. 

Ish,esh,ash, osh,ush,oosh. 

EXERCISE, 

NOTE,-- A slight shading of a vowel stem at the end, adds 
'i or D. The third group of the SH stem has also the sound 
of CH in many words. 

Bye, ice ^ iron, ear , eel, A, air, are, oh, ale, all , or , oral ,owl, 
owe,hour,hourly , urn, erred, oil, lie, lay , layer, rare, rarely, isl- 
and , islander, Ireland ,own, ill,oiled , aired , ore, earned ,shy, shore, 
r oy el, Bsher, ocean. ash, ooze, shown, omit ted, a] low, issue, Issued , 
she, show, Erie, aspect ,bible,rash,r8shly, banishment , punishment , 
astonishment ,rely, sheers , shrive , shrine , share, shower, shell , 
shall,sherae, error, Shaw, else , elsewhere , orderly , rule , ruler, rural 
Urge, urgently, origin, original, arm, armor, old, older, earl, sharp, 
shelf , owning, row, early , alarm, ray ,awry , relet ions, below,pillow, 
carouse, roar, allay, ally, owed, odd, add, had, liard, order, >iardly, 
heard, air ed,ch8grin,m8chine, machinery, artificial, ordinary, 
heretofore, joy , enjoy, re jo ice, en jo in, choice, china, arbitrary. 

■'■--'^ ---- - •^•-- V V-' 



y ^"^ " ----iy- - - 7 (^ 



t 



^ ^ ^ ( ^ 6 



b 



.<„...:) i,,_..(,...Tr7^„2..,-^-.u..,.'-_.j-.:..,--^.-!:..--^-.^.. .-/--:: 

Our ears are not even open to the truth," V?ho can tell 
ell a day or an hour may bring forth. Our share in the cere- 
mony was very brief. Our names were mentioned in the journal 
The majority must rule in our land. Strike while the iron is 
still hot. The earl is now earning his ovm living. While the 
king was passing the bells were pealing, and the cannon were 
booming. Pausing for a moment she saw her error o The homi- 
cide was hung. The fruit hangs high in the tree. 

.\..^....r..^..^..^.../.:,Z.....^..i..,....Z..A....l..^. 

<y ■■■■? ->—?'-■ — -^ r -/- -- 

-^--.-.■rTTrr^.,.. . ..^. -..W^.-.C...,- .-1 .-^. .P.--b )s..T^...Xt.--i ^vrrr^Ji 

GOMBINATIOKS OF CONSONANTS. 

When the R hook initial o'cv the Second Group side of a 
stem is made twice its usual size, it is pronounced RES; thus: 

Respect ,rescue ,r est ore, response. residue, receipt , restric- 
tion. 

^7 C_...-..2 2. c^. ,o. Jf^-_ 

The R hook final, made twice its usual size Is pronounced 
either LER or REL; thus: 

Pearl, girl, furl, tailor, dealer, federal, mineral, scholar. 

.d.._..-2 U c _..L2 ..^... ^ ,<p... 



r^ ■;■-■- ^---^-y ----..-^...-^-^ ---.^ ^^ 



READING AND WRITING EXERCISE. 

Carry, marry, narrow, very, bury, merry, story, valley, dealer, 
tailor,federal, jailor , mineral, elbow, alone, alphabet , full er, dul- 
ler, alcove, mor&sses, molasses, el chemist , carelessly, scholar, vic- 
tory, Vict or ious, lesson, list en, testament nry, mockery, mystery, t Q- 
morrow,barrow,caress,tallow,gory,emery,notary,dairy , I airy, ob- 
serve, ring, rung, settler 8, allowance, liberal, erect , corporation, 
color, fabulous, actively, barlow, irregular, lit eral,perusal, alle- 
gation, really, responsible, arrive, burly , artillery, hereby, irradi 
at e, arr ay, orb it , artistic, supernatural, unroll, interior, super- 
ior, hereafter, lower , generally, emperor, allude, alius ion, numeral 
elas,incoherent , barrels, arisen, desolation, generosity , furlong", 
subserve, restrain, restore, indorsement , disbursement , central, ma- 
terial, immaterial, illuminated, eliminated, spirituli st , imperial, 
relinquish, reluct ant, religion, 3 imilar,relat ion, r el iable,chande 
1 i er, pur liew, purloin, earlier. 

-^-^-'^ -^-^ -S-"^-^ -^--"-^-^^ 



Idle scholars may be very careless. Careless scholars 
seldom win victories in lessons. Lazy scholars make lazy men. 
The girl de^Brves the medal for diligence. We listened cheer- 
fully to the speech of the master. The tailor made a new coat 
for the chemist. The story of the uncle was a jest. vSummer 
has come again. The boy shot the bird m the road. 7/e have 
tested the coin several times. The servant may take the lamp 
into the parlor. The man took a lump of gold to the chemist. 
Last week the snow was deep and the weather was cold. We 
might restrain the tempest of destruction. The irresponsible 
man was restored to his former position. In the perusal of 
the protocol, we observed the allowance made to settlers in the 
interior of the land. 



/ ■ - ./p-...l.:__<£.,..<,....-.l^ 



Q ^ , ^<^ 



-^-^.'■--•-^-v 



--1--' /-----o.- .-'--•----< ---A^----- 



-^--° •'^-^-/ -^-vi'- -- h. -v-.a..--.w -^-^-^■ 



n 



NOTE -- As the pupil acquires a knowledge of the princi- 
ples, he finds his ability to write words constantly enlarging 
until he is able, finally, to write everything he hears: but the 
reeding of whet he has written is quite another matter. Good 
reading is acquired only by famillerity 'with the outlines of 
words, and by facility in phonetic spelling, and enelyzing. 

Correct writing is an additional aid to ready reading. 
If the pupil makes T's out of all his P's,and S 's out of all 
his F*s neither he nor any one else will ever be able to reed 
his writing except by guessing from the context. 



CHAPTER XV, 

SYLLABLES BEOINUINO AND ENDING WITH THE SAME LETTER* 

When a consonant occurs twice In one syllable, as in 
peep , coke , cloak, etc. , the second coBonant is often added by 
beginning or ending the stem with a shorty straight tick at 
a very acute engle to the main stem, thus: 

peep, prop, propare,cak©, crock, cook, paper, click, bob. 

.J..J...-_..L _....-._.._.-. t.--_-.-A... 

READING AND WRITING EXERCISE. 

Peep, pope, cake, croak, creek, prop, deed, St owed, public, pro- 
perty, preparation, click, altitude, clock, publish, St rat a, crook, 
c loak, cog, c oke, cook, crack, pepper , improper, proprietor, propriety 
proportion, proposition, prepossessed, detachment , problem, pebble, 
paper, pauper , correct , collect , recollect , correctly , keg, propose, 
proposal, involve, revolve, cricket , frustrate , crocodile , perpe- 
trate , propagate , crockery , peeping, cookine,Baptlst , preposterous 
capabl e, vivid, St rat if y,people,papal, recognize, cognition, de- 
taching, detailed , prohibit , prohibit ion, deduct ion, treat ies , sub- 
stitute , demented , prepared , church, preponderate^lntroduct ion, 
apoplectic, appropriate, tradition, propensity, probably, propell- 
ing, popular, detained, auditor, editor, determine, accumulate, in- 
d ebt ed, pr ost r at e, r ecogn i t ion, erblt rate, credit or , Immediately , 
mediate , bobolink. 

j....^..:.^...^...^--^.-J ^.-.>^-a.-'7.-..-^-^-..7^ 

SENTENCES. 
The proprietor lives not far from the creek. For a mo- 



ment the old clock on the stairs ceased to tick. Not much ben- 
efit was derived from the proposition. For the. week I must de 
cllne the offer, Much opposition was developed from time to 
time. The lad shuddered and stared at the beast. The lubber 
rowed over to the ship. The graceful player caused a digres- 
sion in our favor. The charge was not properly published to 
the people. The capable editor vividly portrayed the prepos- 
terous tradition. We determined to prepare a proper statement 
on the ground that it probably might not be recognized as very 
frivolous. The pressure upon the piston at the pleasure of 
the operator was a great point in its favor, I recollect the 
proposal involved a serious charge. We revolved the proposi- 
tion in our minds. If the forgery is detected, the forger may 
spend a term in prison. The immediate cause of the accident 
will not probably be determined. The indorser indorsed the 
paper, but the indorsement was refused by the cashier. 

.^....-^..5_..V-.,,-.<(.._^.;..i.....A„,.,^_.j..rTs__/...:-.j..-..^.-.,.. 
^i ..^_.....^^=>...^.-.\.-.(..^. .. ,-. /,..« _,s,. .^. . LL:..L .... .•,..^..^_ 

THS DODBLE CONSDNANT ft OR ITS. EC^UiyALENT KW, 

The double consonant Q, may be represented by a small semi 
circle, or by the stems K and W joined, thus; 

^.ult , quake, quite, squarely, quill, queer, quote .quart . 

^uay , queen , quire , inquire , acquaint , qualm , quaker , quake , 
quick, quickly , quicken, requiem, equal, equality , squire, twirl, 
dwarf , dwindle, quarter, 8 quint ,squander , quality, bewilder , tran- 
quil, exquisite, dwell, be ware, bewail, quant it y, equanimity, quan-» • 
d ary, equipment , tweak, quarreling, quick-silver, persuade, equator, 
per suasion, equalize, require, equivalent , equivocate, squarely, re- 
quest , squalor , subsequently , quotation, frequently , liquidate ,;. 



jqueak^squawK.tweed^q^^li^y- qualification, disqualify. 



y^ 




<^^ /^ ^ /^ I .^^_ «:,^ 







-V- 



..-.-^-5-C 



SENTENCES . 

Rome wag great only in vnhat we call physicel strength. 
The WBves of sound do not move so rapidly as do the waves of 
light. The encient Roman went to bed early simply his wor- 
thy mother earth could not afford him candles. Milk is one 
of the most important foods, since it has in it all the ele- 
ments of nutrition in the most digestible form. Truth, crush- 
ed to earth, will rise again, train up a child in the way he 
should go. end, when he is old he will not depart from it. 

As the twig is bent, the tree is inclined. As we perceive 
the shadow to have moved on the dial, but did not see it move; 
and, as it appears that the grass has grown, although nobody 
ever saw it grow: so the advances we make in knowledge are 
perceivable only by the distance. Our place is to be true to 
the best we know. A shrug of the shoulders would lose much 
of its significance if it were translated into words, 

_rzTT^..^..[^..^.....^..:...^..y..;-..__.^.sro....^..Z-.W...-'; 

^-^- ^-<f-/-^--/-r----^-V-^-----'^-^-^- - 

^..^..^...j-..^..^. v„...^..^.../...._^...^.^.^....k-•.-./,^.^^-.. 
.^..^.....[^...•..^..Z.(^-~v-v^-•-<<..>-^-v,-C/,.-.:t-,.,.^./- 



SENTENCES. 

I am quite at home with the people. We are not inquisi- 
tive. The story cannot be true. Q,uite as much depends upton 
the quality, as upon the quantity ^t the wine. She was dressed 
with exquisite taste. The point of the epear pierced the side 
of the board. The nobles of Spain are in the states. The 
door was quickly shut and the rat shot. I owe the men an apol- 
ogy. Iron ore is found in all perts of the world. The isle 
of Hawiia is en island in the Pacific Ocean. Here are her 
flowers. ITie oil-cen slipped from the oily grip of the heift 
and hearty man. Ohi high above the earth are the stars of 
Heaven. Our share of the wave-washed shore will shortly be 
shown. She shall hear the charge made public. The queen 
squandered her revenue. We required from the squire a square 
and equal denial of the flimsy story. Almost thou persuadest 
me. I learned subsequently the quarter from whence the quar- 
rel originated. The quality of the equipment \iJas exquisite. 
t)eap Sir, Tne quotatioiSs were favorably received. 



-^-.b:_<....-!-^.-'],^^-:-X..^.,.'T?-..:-ri,4.. 



^ 






CPIAPTER XVI. 

THE STEMS TH AND Y. 

The double consonant TH is represented by a sneded curved 
stem slanted to the right; thus: 

the,tha,thah. thaw,thoe,thoo. 



ith,eth,ath. oth,uth,ooth. 



rne consonant Y is represented by a small shaded curved 
stem written in the same direction as the primary vowels. The 
sound represented by the vowel U, which is the equivalent of Y, 
is also produced by shading stems at the beginning. 

ye,ya,yah, yaw,yoe,yoo. OR ye,yB.yah. yew.yoe.yoo. 
_^ w. >._. .N.....< -C. .r.-.-'^-^-.-i-- ~X i ii- 

READING AND '.VRITING EXERCISE. 

The, they, thaw, though, author, other, lath, lather, leather, 
wrath, rather, thither, hither, heather, heath, hath, there, athletic, 
Ruth, ye, yea, you, year , yore, your , unite, universal, Europe, young, 
yoimger, youth, use, useful, union, humor, human, humanity, unanimous, 
un i que ,unanimi ty , s inger , anchor , anger , hunger , hanger , angle , sin- 
gl e , 1 ink , 1 ank , long , lung , V7r ing , wringer , wrong , r ing , r ink , r ank , 
rankle, longer,! inger ,kin^, cling, spring, drink, think, belong, feel- 
ing , c e il ing , jimct ion , funct ion , bank , bankrupt , wrangl e , thoroughly 
Thursday, usual ,ut ility, handkerchief , yard , failure, strengthened, 
atheism, cathedral, arithmetic, yield, yelled, churchyard, authority 
authorize, hitherto, willingly, reunion, punctuality, uniform, opin- 
ion, overthrow, theory , theatre , thunderbolt , enthroned , yonder , yes- 
terday , in J unction, value , genuine. 




Other people younger than you use the same thing, but not 
so strongly; they think it lengthens life. The engry storm 
blows the singers hither and thither. Refreshing showers have 
long been falling. The thirsty earth greedily drinks them up 
For years the angry man hungered for human sympathy. Not a 
single Thursday did he miss till yesterday. Yonder lean, long, 
lank, and hungry looking knave lingered near the pump in the 
yard. ':7e are uniformly of the opinion this unfeeling vrrangle 
will no longer yield to proper authority. We are feeling rath- 
er engry at the author of the song sung at the theatre. It 
was not singing; it was yelling. I shall willingly yield to 
the higher authority. My rank is not so high as yours. They 
still linger in Europe. The youth as usual shell learn to i - 
ring the bell alone. We were very fortunate, while the others 
were very unfortunate. . In union there is strength. United 
we stand, divided we fall. Beyond yon mountain lies a fertile 
valley. The assembly agreed unanimously. 



THE PREFIX CON AJ^D COM. 

The prefix CON is represented by a liglit dot at the be- 
ginning or the end of e stem; CONT or COND are represented by 
B light tick or dosh instead of the dot^ 

The prefix COM and COMP or COMB are represented by a 
shewed dot atnd dash respectively. 

DECONjDISCON, INCON,etc,are represented by disjoining the 
stems, end writing the second stem directly under the middle of 
'the first. 

READING AND WRITING EXERCISE. 

Contain, comfort ,connect ion, compos it ion, conceit , conten- 
tion, compass, commit , conditional, discomfort ,di scone ert , de-com- 
posed , decomposition, country, county, conceal, council, concept ion. 
consider , contempt ,conf ess ion, cone em, commendation, complimen- 
tary , const ant , conceivable , complaint , compressible , const ra int , 
consummat ion, conscientious , conquest , contradict , congress, con- 
duct , contract , contact ,contfuninate , controversy , controvert , con- 
text ,cont inue^coht ingent ,condemn,cond^end, inconstant , incom- 
parable , incomprehensible ,uncon<d it ional, incommode , Incomplete, 
^incompetent ,ii:iconceivable, incongrous, Inconsistant ,uncontroll- 
iable,unconcerned,compensat lon,communicat lon,incont estible , in- 
convenient , contents , construct ipn, consequently, convinced ,com- 
'•pound , comfort able , consumer , comet , commissioner, commercial ,com- 
pilat i ON, conform,confirmat ion, contrary , commentary , congrega- 
tion, conclusion, contribute , contribution, consciousness , comic, 
discontinue, continent el ,complete,Oompetition,conversation, 
commonwealth, conversion, commensurate, congratulate , conscience, 
conscious , unconsciously ,cont inuance, re consider. 



':...t'-..^:./.'.y?.-.>^:--i---./'-'^-;-(f--Zf--'^- 



7' 



/....^../ 



:::^..r\...^..-.-^...^-.w?i... 



Period, colon .Interrogation, semicolon, comma 



"/\ 



SENTENCES. 

The slothful man shook off his lethargy , -and slaked his 
thirst at the true fountein of knowledge. We are pleased to 
acknowledge your very favorable I'eply. Qentlemen:- You are 
requested to favor us with a letter containing a brief list of 
quotations at your earliest convenience. Please communicate 
to us the commercial footing of Qeorge Smith & Co» All com- 
munications shall be strictly confidential. It is quite nec- 
essafy for all telegrams of importance to be quickly confirmed 
by letter. Concerning the compensation required ^we are at 
present unable to state positively. They demand shorter hours 
of labor. 

,.l.^-,.v.,i.-/..:'...?..--^cu.--.. .w-.-.../->----<^-.^-V-'^- 



-^-V-^-/------^-:--V 



<n^ 






CAUTION.-- Many pupils find great difficulty in writing 
the stems P and F correctly , the tendency being to slant them 
like the T and the S stem. If the pupil finds himself falling 
inl^o that error, he should break himself of the habit at once 
by devoting special attention to writing those stems correct- 
ly. 



CHAPTER XVII. 
EXPEDIENTS. 

The principles developed up to this point are surficient 
to enable a person of ordinary intelligence to reach a very 
high rate of speed by proper practice. To facilitate e still 
higher rate of speed, various expedients are employed as follov^g; 

When the stem barely cuts the line, it ends with T or D; 
thus; 

bit, bet, bat. bot, but , boot. 

4....-\....\-.. ...V \ \.- 

vete,vate,vat. vot ,vote,voot. vite,voit ,vout. 

X....-1 1. .:^ :i .1. x .<. I.. 

ipt,ept,apt. opt ,upt ,oopt. 



r 1 ' I I 

, eft, aft. oft,uft,ob; 



< c (■ ■' ) }••' 

sit, set, sat. sot ,sut, soot. 

./. ^. L -J. I I- 

lift, left, laft. loft,luft,looft. 

■c ■( c -) -) 7- 

idged, edged, adged. edged, udged,oodged. 

-/■ r-y-' r / -"/'" 

kid,ked,kad. kod,kud,kood. 



met e, mate, mat . mot , mote, moot. mite,moit ,mout, 
licked, leaked, lacked, locked , lucked, loocked. 



I 

rikt ,rek't ,rakt . rokt ,rukl ,rookt . 



EXERCISE, 



Beaut iful^intrbduce^receipt ,outst oricTingG, middlings ,?nt er- 
pr is e, intermediate ^rebate , indignity ^speed^ily ^Eastern, out ward, 
not ify ,pattern, industrious ,ant icip^ited^int ernational, medium, 
•esteemed^est inate, estimation, cut ter,better,l;ut t erf ly, neatly/ 
•natural, matter, intent ion, afternoon, aptly, obtain, intimated, 
modify ,mod if i cat ion,undert aken,not withstand ing, affidavit , en- 
deavor , actually, under take, imbedded , indifferent , interrupted , .n* 
disp en sable, evidently, entitled, ent ertainingly , remit tance,linai': 
limited, middle, meddle, midst , undoubtedly , int elligience ,t ightly, 
doubtless. 



Your esteemed favor at hand. We handle only first-clnsG 
articles. All night the dreadless Angel, unpursued, through 
Heaven's wide champaign held his v,'ay,till Morn, waked by the 
cirCiing houroS,\vith rosy hand unbarred the gates of lig}it. 
The unfortunate iiimates were treated v;ith commendable ■romEinity. 



T OR D OMITTED. 

In v.'ords of two or more syllables,? or D 1 soften omitted 
where such omission does not impair the legibility of_the word 

Gratify, gratitude, grateful, predicate, prodigal , certainly, 
uncertain, respectfully, inevitable , absolutely ,rect iiy,raultiply, 
rni;lt itude ,preciict , protect ,artiCl e. 



x-v-^-^-^, 



THE PREFIX X. 

the profix may be Indicated by a small loop at ' tho' begin- 
ning of a stem; thue: 

Exalt , exult , exact , exaggerate ,exactly, examine, example, ex- 
asperate , excavate , exceed , excel ^excellent , eccentric, except ,ac-, 
cept , exchange, exc 13 e ,excit e, exclaim, exclsunat ion, excuse, execute 
excessive, accident , excommunic at e , excruciate , exculpate, execu- ' 
trix, executor, exempt , exert , exercise, exert ion, exile, exi. 3 1 , ex- 
hort , exonerate ,exorbitfmt , expand , expend ,expat i ate*, expense, ex« 
pect , expedient ,explre,expi rat ion, expert ,exportat ion,expedi- 
t ious .explain, explore, express ,e;<plode , expose, expulsion, ex- 
quisite , extant , extend, ex temporary, extract , extraordinary , exhi- 
bit ion, exhibit , extremity ,excellence,ext ingui shed, extinct ,ex-' 
haust od , extirpate , expound ,execut ive, exploit , exterior. 






t 



MI3CELLAJJE0U3 SX£RCI3c:, 



oome of the follovving frequently recurring words are not 
written exactly in accordance with the principles , but ere 
abb^reviated in various ways for speed: 

Carefully , carry, established, especial, permit ,party ,par- 
t iculor ,econora>^, large, enlarge ,d is charge , liberty, satisfaction, 
sat isfy, unreesonabl e, economical ,3tability,3tipulate", accuJ■.^ula- 
t ion,accomp/^ny ,ftccommodate,f anil ler ,submit ,reali2e,alcohol, 
accordingly , spirit ous, fir St ,dist inctly , diet ingui ch, value, value- 
tl on, arjnur.l, suggest ion, supply, apply, perhaps, volume, admit , con- 
firm, sat is factory, somewhat ,neverthelc3s , further , turn, forth, 
according,permis3ion,corpenter,transmit , transmission, norther- 
ly , inter est ed", souther ly, easterly, vje St erly, over whelm, liter ally, 
lit erary , alacrity , accurate , absolutely , accuracy, valuable, whom- 
soever , transport , transact ,responsible , transgress, transcend, 
^transfigure, righteousness- particularly, curiously. 



:x. 



:^j^ll.kk.^I^.^..U-C^..^^ 




MEMORIAL DAY.-- A holiday alw^-ys points opck to an im- 
portant history. It is not npcsss*»ry or judlcloue to prate 
too long or too often even of very importPnt events of the 
pest, but Memorial Day, as long as it lasts, roust always be 
an anniversary to bring many a weery sigh, and start many a 
bitter memory. 

It was the youth, the beaut iful , hopeful , courageous youth, 
that in all the glory of their fresh young lives went forth 
in large numbers in those mournful days to do battle for 
their own dear leno . Let ua ever bear in mind that it 'is to 
many of them who yielded up their precious lives in the cause 
of unity , freedom, and justice that the youth of to-day ere 
alrer.dy Indebted for their freedom, and the peace and the 
strong bands of union that characterize us as a people. 

Cover the graves of the soldiers with flowers, that we 
may keep green the memory of our heroic dead, and that we may 
again learn the holy lesson of patriot ism. --Selected. 




..<?-- tr->...^T*. 



CHAPTER XVIII. 

The words OF and TO, and the phrases OF THE, OF A, TO THE 
and TO A ere frequently omitted in repld wrltlng»end the omis- 
sion indiceted by writing the preceding end following word 
close together. 

In phrase-writing, the sign A or AN, end AND are used in- 
terchangeably when joined to other words, the context prevent- 
ing any confuaion, ' 

PHRASES AND ABBREVIATIONS, 

In the, in a, on the, on a, end the, and a, that , made, with, on. 



meke,CBme or come, might , could, good, not , anything, nothing, with- 



out ,ahnll, should, bet we en, next , much, which, isn't , thing, think, 

-^ ^- \ -« / ^ ^ ^ - 

I was, he is, he we8,it is, it wBs,I*d,I dbn't,was not, also, I 



^--^ — -^---^ I- 



would have, he would have ,wBsn 't ,hflsn 't ,muen 't ,8t first, at one* 



--1 - ...^-Y---^ ■/■- 

which was, which it was, to hand, at hand, as far as, we would be 
_Z :.../- ,J. J. L....... ,.^...... 

pleased, whet would, we would have , something, forgotten, thnt it 

..., ^. ^. -QC^-- ^ -..-^... 

hB3 been, that the, that thli,from a, from the, from it, our own, 
__ r: .-.. ± ± .-? f»....^ 

nnd I could not, with which, without which, it may be, it cannot 
...1 



■^ " ^ --^' 



be,ror It wB3,had been,ln all the^nnd he was, but he wns^and 

..1 _^ -^ ^. U--- -d, 

wa8,arft.^ln,or in, a good deal, a gre^t deal, a good many, a great 

~0 b "—yr ' — 



many, and yet, yet it was, has been, It has been, as possible ,aftei 

- f-'-h f-- -^-- i -p 

that, so that the, as it was, with which it was, less then, more 

than, It would be, but , been, this, more or less, I have seen, we 

( ^'"" ^--.-----^ 

have seen, ana I cannot, end we can, I thlnK not,! will not have,' 



.lev. 



.u^. 



we will not, shall not, shall be, will not have, for tnis is, this 
...--.3^ _. }* ^. 

18, In receipt, in reply, in reference, in regard, shall see, shall 

y.„„ :i _^„.. ...<._^„.„ ...._. 

It, it is not, what has been»they have been, there have 'been, ^ 

^-t -\- -^-- -^ 

there ere, there will be, there must be, It must be, I maybe, I 

--■ ^ -■ ^- V- "^■■-- 

may have been, you have, you will be, you can, you may be, you are, 

S- - c <-- -^---^- --' 

your own, with much, without much, are not, did not, did you have, 

--r-- -7 -■-^- ^-- t — 

did you ever, how long have, was it, is it, does it, it seems, do 

-"-t ~^: --'--'-^ ^---t ■ 

J^ou remember, you see, we are m receipt, your favor, I em in re- 

^- ^- i -— 



ceipt,we remain, we beg to say, we beg to acknowledge,! beg to 

^- A-^- --^-^^ -,_....-^/.... 



say. 



NOTE-- No rules can be formulated for phrasing. Words 
may be joined in infinitum. care being taken to join only such 
words as run easily together. The best writers, however , seldom 
join more than two or three words In one phrase. 



LETTER . 

Dear Sirs: We received from you on the 22nd inst.,by 

Adam,s Express, a tin can tightly soldered, and marked by a la- 
bel posted on top,'*T.H.N.& Co, Warranted Strictly Pure White- 
Lead." In order to ascertain the true mineral composition of 
the paint contained in the can, we dissolved away the oil with 
which the paint had been ground, by neutral solvents, end sub- 
jected the remaining dry paint to chemical analysis. 

The dry paint contained 97 1-S per cent. of dry white-lead 
of the "usual composition, the remainder of 2 1-2 per cent, 
being moisture, a slight residue of oil, and traces of foreign * 
matter, as is the case with all pure white-lead. We tested 
for imputit ies ,and found none. The paint in the above can 
is whet its label alleges it to be,namely, "Strictly Pure White 
Lead." We return you the paint by Adam's Express , reserving a 
sample of it for ourselves. 

Respectfully yours. 



l>.a...,^-.:v.x.*.-f.-.-'?'-.l-.^^-....,w,.V.;../..^...^.l_..:.. 



Adrl8Ji,Mich. December 1,1895 
Albert J. Post. Esq.. -^ --7 ;g J- . J. 3? .6:,. , 

b 

Box 620,Carnagie,Pe. 
Deer Sir: 

Replying to your letter of November 24th, permit 

--T--^'---- i v---^--^ -^-- 

ue to enclose you prices snd styles of our fencing. We 

hope you will take pains to look this printed matter over 
._^„ ^^ i^ ../_,..rrrr_^^„A .^rrr:^... J5-.. 



f 
carefully, and ask r^f us any further information you may de- 

sire. We have no dealer in your vicinity, and we shall, be 

^ .........W.. ,.._........ _..v^.... ^.. 

glad to give you a reasonable discount , should you conclude 

-^--/:---* -C- -^-^- -7- --..^-.-- 

to buy. Awaiting ycur further- correspondence h-pefully,we 







remain 



Yours very truly 



NOTE.-- From this point in the pupil's course, he should 
commence a thorough and systematic -review of the principles, in 
connection with his general practice of the shorthand exer- 
cises contained in the following pages. One page should be 
taken at a time^and practiced till It can be written at a 
rate of 100 to 150 words per minute. This copious practice, 
together with a thorough knowledge of the principles, is suf- 
ficient to make a good general writer. 

Those who desire a more extended course of practice for 
the purpose of reaching a high rate of speed, or of following a 
any particular line of report ing, should procure Part Second, 
and write each page of shorthand contained therein, from dic- 
tation, no less than thirty times. They should also study 
carefully the models of proper forms for comnercial and legal 
document 8, such as Deeds, Articles of Agreeoient ,Speclf icatlons, 
Bids on Contracts , etc. 

Pupils preparing themselves for business letter-writing 
should devote their st tent ion chiefly to the business let- 
ters, the large number of which contained in Part Second were 
Collected from the best businees houses of the United States 
and Engla?^. 



THS OLD CURIOSITY SHOP. 

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THE OLD CURIOSITY SHOP. 

Although I em an old men night is generally my time for 
walking. In the summer I often leave home early in the morn- 
ing and roBin about the fields and lanes ell day, or even escape 
for days or weeks together; but, saving in the country,! seldom 
go out until after dark, though, Heaven be thanked,! love its 
light, and feel the cheerfulness it sheds upon the earth, as 
much as any creature living, 

I have fallen insensibly into this habit, both because it 
favors my infirmity, eoid because it affords me greater oppor- 
tunity of speculating upon the characters end occupations of 
those who fill the streets. The glare and hurry of broad noon 
are not adapted to idle pursuits like mine; a glimpse of pass- 
ing faces caught by the light of a street lamp, or a shop win- 
dow, is often better for my purpose than their full revelation 
in the daylight; and, if I must add the truth, night is kinder 
in this respect than day, which too often destroys en air-built 
castle at the moment of its completion, without the least cere- 
mony or remorse. 

That constant pacing to and fro, that never-ending rest- 
lessness, that incessant tread of feet wearing the rough stones 
smooth and glossy — is it not a wonder how the dwellers in nar- 
row ways can bear to hear it? Think of a sick man, in such a 
plftc» as Saint Martin's Court, listening to the footsteps, and, 
in the midst of pain and weariness, obliged, despite himself (as 
though it were a task he must perform), to detect the child's 
step from the man's, the slipshod beggar from the booted ex- 
quisite, the lounging from the busy, the dull heel of the saun- 
tering outcast from the quick tread of an expectant pleasure- 
seeker think of the hum and noise being always present to his 
senses, and of the stream of life that will not stop, pouring 
on, on, on, through ell his restless dreams, as if he were con- 
demned to lie, dead but conscious, in a noisy church-yard, and 
had no hope of rest for centuries to come. 

Then, the crowds forever passing end repassing on the 
bridges (on those which are free of toll at leest), where meny 
stop on fine evenings looking listlessly down upon the water, 
with some vague idee that by end by it runs between green 
banks which grow wider and wider until at last it joins the 
broad vast see — where some halt to rest from heavy loads, and 
think, as they look over the parapet, that to smoke end lo-ongD 
away one's life, and lie sleeping in the sun upon a hot tar- 
paulin, in a dull, slow, sluggish barge must be happiness unalloy 
ed— end where some, and a very different class, pause with heavier 
loeds then they , remember ing to have he,ard or read in some old 
time that drowning was not a hard death, but of all means of 



suicide the easiest end best. 

Covent Garden Market at sunrise, too, in the spring or 
summer, when the fragrance of sweet flowers is in the 6ir, over- 
powering even the unwholesome streams of last night 's debauch- 
ery, and driving the dusky thrush, whose cage has hung outside a 
garret window all night long, half mad with joy. Poor bird,' 
the only neighboring thing at all akin to the other little cap- 
tives, some of whom, shrinking from the hot hands of drunken pur- 
chasers, lie drooping on the path already, while others, soddened 
by close contact , await the time when they shall be watered and 
freshened up to please more sober company, and make old clerks 
who pass them on their road to business wonder what has filled 
their breasts with visions of the country. 

But my present purpose is not to expatiate upon my walks. 
The story I am about to relate arose out of one of these ram- 
bles, and thus I have been led to speak of them by way of pre- 
face. 

One night I had roamed into the city and was walking slow 
ly on in my usual way, musing upon a great many things, when I 
was arrested by an inquiry, the purport of which did not reach 
me, but seemed to be addressed to myself, and was preferred in a 
soft, sweet voice that struck me very pleasantly. I turned 
hastily around, and found at my elbow a pretty little girl who 
begged to be directed to a certain street at a considerable 
distance, and, indeed, in quite another quarter of the town, 
"It is a very long way from here," said I, "my child« " 

"I know that, sir;" she replied, timidly, "I em afraid it 
is a very long way, for I came from there to-night," 

"Alone?" said I, in some surprise, 

"Oh, yes, I don't mind that; but I am a little frightened 
now, for I have lost my road." 

"And what made you ask it of me? Suppose I should telli 
you wrong? " 

"l am sure you will not do that," said the little creature 
"you are such a very old gentlemen, and walk so slow yourself." 
I cannot describe how much I was impressed by this appeal 
and the energy with which it was made, which brought a tear in- 
to the child's clear eye, and made her slight figure tremble as 
she looked up into my face. 

"Come," said I, "I'll take you there." 
She put her hand in mine as confidingly as if she had 
known me from her cradle, and we trudged away together, the 
little creature accommodating her pace to mine,. and rather 
seeming to lead and take care of me than I to be protecting her, 
I observed that every now and then she stole a curious look at 
my face as if to make sure that I was not deceiving her, and 
that these glances (very sharp and keen they were too) seemed 
to increase her confidence at every repetition. 

For my part, my curiosity and interest were at least equal 
to the child's, for child she certainly was, although I thought 



It probable frcm what I could make out that her very small and 
delicate frame impc^rted a peculiar youthfulneas to her appear- 
ance. Though more scantily attired than she might have been 
she was dressed with perfect neatness and betrayed no marks of 
poverty or neglect. 

"Who has sent you so far by yourself?" said I. 
"Somebody who Is very kind to mo, sir." 
"And what have you been doing?" 
"That I must not tell," said the child. 
There was something in the manner of this reply which 
caused me to look at the little creature with an involuntary 
expression of surprise, for I wondered what kind of errand it 
might be that occasioned her to be prepared for questioning. 
Her quick eye seemed to read my thoughts. As it met mine she 
added that there was no harm in what she had been doing, but it 
was a great secret which she did not even know herself. 

This was said with no appearance of cunning or deceit, but 
with en unsuspicious frankness that bore the impress of truth. 
She walked on as befor®, growing more familiar with me as we 
proceeded, and talking cheerfully by the way, but she said no 
more about her home, beyond remarking that we were going quite 
a new road, end asking if It were a short one. 

??hile we were thus engaged I revolved in my mind e hun- 
dred explanations of the riddle, and rejected them every one. 
1 really 'felt ashamed to take advantage of" the ingenuousness 
or grateful feeling of the child for the purpose of gratifying 
my curiosity. I love these little p&ople,Bnd it is not a 
slight thing when they, who are so fresh from God, love us. As 
I had felt pleased, at first, by her confidence, I determined to 
deserve it, and to do credit to the nature which had prompted 
her tc repose it in me. 

There was no reaoon,however ,why I should refrain from see- 
ing the person who had inconsiderately sent her to so great a 
diotanc© by ni^t and alone; and, as it was not improbable that 
if she found herself near home she might take farewell of me 
and deprive me of the opportunity , I avoided the most fre- 
quented ways and took the most Intricate. Thus it wes not un- 
til we arrived in the street itself that she knew where we 
were, Glapping her hands with pleasure, and running on before 
me for a short distance, my little acquaintance stopped at a 
door, and remaining on the step till I came up, knocked at It 
when I joined her, 

A part of the door was of glass .unprotected by any shut- 
ter; which I did not observe et first, for all was very dark 
ap.d silent within, and I itob anxious ( ss Indeed the child was 
fclso ) for en answer to her summons. When she had knocked 
twice or thrice, there was a noise as if some person were mov- 
ing lnalde,and at length a faint ligtiX appeared through the 
glfiss which, as it approached very slowly the bearer having to 
-leKe hl8 wey through a great meny scattered articles enabled 



me to Gee, both wnat kind of a person it wae who advanced, and 
what kind of a place it was through which he came. 

He was a little old man, with long gray hair, whose face 
and figure, as he held the light above his head and looked be- 
fore him as he approached, I could plainly see. Though much 
altered by age, I fancied I could recognize in his spare and 
slender form something of that delicate mold which I noticed 
in the child. Their bright blue eyes were certainly alike, but 
his face was so deeply furrowed, and so very full of care, that 
here all resemblance ceased. 

The place through which he made his way at leisure was 
one of those receptacles for old and curious things which sewn 
to crouch in odd corners of this town, and to hide their musty 
treasures from the public eye in jealousy and distrust. There 
were suits of mail standing like ghosts in armor, here and 
there; fantastic carvings brought from monkish cloisters; rus- 
ty weapons of various kinds; distorted figures in china, and 
wood, and iron, and ivory; tapestry, and strange furniture that 
might have been designed in dreams. The haggard aspects of 
the little old men was wonderfully suited to the place; he 
might have groped among old churches, and tombs, and deserted 
houses, and gathered all the spoils with his own hfinds. There 
was nothing in the whole collection but was in keeping with 
hirr.self; nothing that looked older or more worn then he. 

As he turned the key in the lock, he surveyed me with 
some astonishment , which was not diminished when he looked from. 
me to my companion, Tlie door being opened, the child addressed 
him as her grendf ather,and told him the little story of our 
companionship. 

"V/hy bless thee, child," said the old man, patting her on 
the head, "how couldst thou miss thy way? V/hat if I had lost 
thee, Nell.'" 

"I would have found my way back to you, grandfather , " said 
the child, boldly: "never fear." 

The old man kissed her; then turned to me and begged me 
to walk in, I did so. The door was closed and locked. Pre- 
ceding me with a light, he led me through the place I had al- 
ready seen from without, into a Small sitting-room behind, in 
which was another door opening into a kind of closet, where I 
saw a little bed that a fairy might have slept in, it looked so 
very small and was so prettily arranged. The child took a 
candle and tripped into this little room, leaving the old man 
and me to^^ether, 

"You must be tired, sir," said he, as he placed a chair near 
the fire; how can I thank you?" 

"By taking more care of your grandchild another time, my 
good friend," I replied, 

"More care.'" said -the old man in a shrill voice, "more care 
of Nelly,* why who ever loved a child as I love Nell?" 

He said this with such evident surprise, that I was per- 



plexed what answer to make; the more so, because coupled with 
som/»thing feeble and wandering in his manner, there were, in his 
face, narks of deep and anxious thought which convinced me that 
ht. could not be, as I had been at first inclined to suppose, in 
a state of dotage or imbecility, 

"I don't think you consider " I began, 

"I don't consider.'" cried the old man, interrupting me," I 
don't consider her* ah. how little you know of the truth.' Lit* 
tie Nelly, little Nelly;" 

It would be impossible for any men I cere not what his 
form of speech might be to express more affection than the 
dealer in curiosities did in these four words, I waited for 
him to speak again, but he rested his chin upon his hand, and, 
shaking his head twice or thrice, fixed his eyes upon the fire. 

While we were sitting thus, in silence, the door of the clo- 
set opened, and the child returned; her light brown hair hang- 
ing loose about her neck, and her face flushed with the haste 
she had made to rejoin us. She busied herself immediately in 
preparing supper. While she was thus engaged I remarked that 
the old man took an opportunity of observing me more closely 
than he had done yet, I was surprised to see, that, all this 
time, every thing was done by the child, and that there appeared 
to be no other persons but ourselves in the house, I took ad- 
vantage of a moment when she was absent to venture a hint on 
this point, to which the old man replied that there were few 
grown persons as trustworthy or as careful as she, 

"It always grieves me," I observed, roused by what I took 
to be his selfishness: "it always grieves me to contemplate 
the initiation of children into the ways of life, when they are 
scarcely more than infants. It checks their confidence end 
simplicity two of the best qualities that Heaven gives them 
and demands that they share our sorrows before they are cap- 
able of entering into our enjoyments, 

"It will never check hers," said the old man, looking 
steadily at me, "the springs ere too deep. Besides the chil- 
dren of the poor know but few pleasures. Even the cheep de- 
lights of childhood must be bought and paid for." 

"But forgive me for saying this you are surely not so 
very poor " said 1, 

"She is not my child, sir," returned the old man. "Her 
mother was, and she was poor, I save nothing not a penny 
though I love as you see, but" he laid his hand upon my arm 
and leaned forward to wisper "she shall be rich one of these 
days, and a fine lady. Don't you think 111 of me because I use 
her help. She gives it cheerfully, as you see, and it would 
break her heart if she knew that I suffered any body else to 
do for me what her little hands could undertake I don't con- 
sider.'" he cried, with sudden querulousness , "why ,Qod knows 
that this one child is the thought end object of my life, and 
yet he r\ever prospers me no, never,'" 

At this juncture the subject of our conversation again 



returned, and th» old mwi,iQbtionlng me to approach the table, 
broke off , and said no more. 

We had scarcely begun our repaSt ^en there was a knock at 
the door by which I had entered, and Nell, bursting into a hear- 
ty laugh, which I was rejoiced to hear, for it was child-like 
and full of hilarity, said It was no doubt dear old Kit come 
back at last. 

"Foolish Nell«" said the old man, fondling with her hair, 
"She always laughs at poor Kit." 

The child laughed again, more heartily then before, and I 
could not help smiling from pure sympathy. The little old,' 
man took up a candle and went to open the door. 7/hen he came 
back, Kit was at hia heels. 

Kit was a shock-heeded, shambling, awkward lad, with an un- 
'coramonly wide mouth, very red cheeks, a turned-up nose, and cer- 
tainly the most comical expression of face I ever saw. He 
stopped short at the door on seeing a stranger, twirled in his 
hand e perfectly round old hat without any vestige of a brim, 
BJid, resting himself now on one leg, and now on the other, and 
changing them constantly, stood in the door-way , looking into 
the parlor with the most extraordinary leer I ever beheld. I 
entertained a grateful feeling toward the boy from that minute 
for I felt that he was the comedy of the child's life. 

"A long way, wasn't it, Kit?" said the little old man. 

"v;hy,then,it was a goodlsh 3tretch,master , " returned Kit. 

"Did you find the house easily?" 

"Why , then, not over and above easy,ma3ter , " said Kit, 

"Of course you have come back hungry?" 

"Why, then, I do consider myself rather so, master," was the 
answer. 

The lad had a remarkable manner of standing sideways as 
he spoke, and thrusting his head forward over his shoulder, as 
if he could not get at his voice without that accompanying ac- 
tion. I think he would have amused one anywhere, but the 
child's exquisite enjoyment of his oddity, and the relief it 
was to find that there was something she associated with meri- 
m©nt,ln a place that appeared so unsuited to her, were quite 
irresistible. It was a great point , too, that Kit himself was 
flattered by the sensation he created, and after several ef* 
forts to preserve hie gravity, burst into a loud roar, and so 
stood with his mouth wide open and his eyes nearly shut, laugh- 
ing violently. 

The old man had again relapsed into his former abstrac- 
tion, and took no notice of whet passed; but I remarked that 
when her laugh was over, the child's bright eyes were dimmed 
with tears, celled forth by the fullness of heart with which 
she welcomed her uncouth favorite after the little anxiety of 
the night. As for Kit himself (whose laugh had been one all 
the time of that sort which very little would change into a 
cry}, he carried a large slice of bread and meat and a mug of 
beer into a corner, and applied himself to disposing of them 



with gr6at voracity, 

"Ah."' said the old man, turning to me with e sigh, as if I 
had apoken to him but that moment , "yo^ don't consider her." 
"You must not attach too greet weight to a remark founded 
on first appearances, my friend, ""said I. 

"No," returned the old man, thought fully, "no. Come hither 
Nell." 

The little girl hastened from her seat and put her arm 
about his neck. 

"Do I love thee, Nell?" said he. £^"Say; do I love thee, Nell 
or no?" 

The child only answered by her caresses, and laid her head 
upon his breast. 

"\7hy dost thou sob?" said the grandfather, pressing her 
closer to him and glancing toward me. "Is it because thou 
knowest I love thee, and dost not like that I should seem to 
doubt it by my quest-ion? Well, well then let us say I love 
dearly. ' 

"Indeed, indeed you do," replied the child, with great earn- 
estness; "Kit knows you do." 

Kit, who, in dispatching his bread and meat, had been swal- 
lowing two-thirds of his knife at every mouthful with the cool- 
ness of a juggler , stopped short in his operations on being 
thus appealed to, and bawled, "Nobody isn't such a fool as to 
say he doesn't," after which he incapacitated himself ,for fur- 
therconversation by taking a most prodigious sandwich at one 
bite. 

"She is poor now," said the old man, patting the child's 
cheek, "but, I say again, the time is coming when she shall be 
rich. It has been a long time coming, but it must come at last 
a very long time, but It surely must come. It has come to 
other men vrtio do nothing but waste and riot, \7hen will it 
come to me?" 

"1 am very happy as I am, grandfather," said the child. 

"Tush, tush,'" returned the old man, "thou dost not know how 
shouldst thou,'" Then he muttered again between his teeth, "The 
time must come, I am very sure It must. It will be all the bet 
ter for coming late;" and then he sighed and fell into his for 
mer musing state, and still holding the child between his knoes 
appeared to be Insensible to everything around him. By this 
time It wanted but a few minutes of midnight, and I arose to 
go, which recalled him to himself. 

"One moment, sir," he seid. "Now, Kit near midnight , boy, 
and you still here.' Get home. get home, and be true to your 
time in the morning, for there s work to do.- Good night,' There 
bid him good night , Nell, and let him be gonej" 

"Good night, Kit," said the child, her eyes lighting up with 
merlment end kindness. 

"Good night, Miss Nell," returned the boy. 

"And thank this gentlemen," interposed the old man, "but 
for wnose care I might have lost my little girl to-night," 



"No, no, master," SBid Kit, "that won*t do, that won't^** 

"Wliat do you mean?" cried the old man. 

"I'd have found her, master," said Kit; "I'd have found her 
I'd bet that I'd find her if she was above ground. I would, 
as quick as any body , master," 

Once more opening his mouth and shutting his eyes, end 
laughing l,ike a stentor,Kit gradually backed to the door, and 
roared himself out. 

Free from the room, the boy was not slow in taking his de- 
parture; when he had gone, and the child was occupied in clear- 
ing the table, the old man said: 

"I haven't seemed to thank you, sir, enough for what you 
have done to-night, but I do thank you humbly and heartily; and 
so does she, and her thanks are better worth than mine. I 
should be sorry that you went away and thought I was immindful 
of your goodness, or careless of her I am not, indeed," 
I was sufe^of that, I said, from what I had seen. 

"But," I added, "may I ask you a question?" 

"Ay, sir," replied the old man; "what is it?" 

"This delicate child," said I, "with so much beauty and in- 
telligence has sh$ nobody to care for her but you? Has she 
no other companion or adviser?" 

"No," he returified, looking anxiously in my face, "no, end 
she wants no other." 

"But are you not fearful," said I, "that you may misunder- 
stand a charge so tender? I em sure you mean well, but are you 
quite certain that' you know how to execute such a trust as 
this? I am an old man like you, and I am actuated by an old 
man's concern in all that is young and promising. Do you not 
think that what I have seen of you and this little creature 
to-night must have an interest not wholly free from pain?" 

"Sir," replied the old man, after a moment's silence, "I 
have no right to feel hurt at what you say. It is true that 
in many respects I am the child, and she the grown person that 
you have seen already-. But waking or sleeping, by night or day 
in sickness or health, she is the one object of my cere: and 
if you knew of how much cere, you would look on me with differ 
ent eyes, you would, indeed. Ah,' it's a weary life for an old 
man a weary, weery life but there is a great end to gain, and 
that I keep before me." 

Seeing that he was in a state of excitement and impa- 
tience,! returned to put on en outer coat which I had thrown 
off on entering the room, purposing to say no more. I was sur- 
prised to see the child standing patiently by, with a cloak up- 
on her arm, and in her hand a hat end stick. 

"Those are not mine, my dear," said I. 

"No," returned the child quietly," they are grandfather's" 

"But he is not going out to-night." 

"0 yes he is," said the child with a smile. 

"And what becomes of you, my pretty one.'" 

"Me,' I stay here of course. I al'^vays do." 



I looked in astonishment tovmrd the old m8n,b\n he wns, 
or feigned to be, busied in the errsngement of his dress. From 
him, I looked back to the slight gentle figure of the child. 
Alone.' In thet gloomy old piece all the long dreary night.' 
She evinced no consciousness of my surprise, but cheer- 
fully helped the old man with his cloak, and when he was ready 
took a candle to light us -cut. Finding that we did not fol- 
low as she expected, she looked back with a smile and waited 
for us. The old man showed by his face that he plainly under- 
stood the cause of my hesitation, but he merely signed to me 
^ith an inclination of the head to pass out of the room be- 
fore him, and remained silent. I had no resource but to comply 

When we reached the door, the child, set ting down the can- 
dle, turned to say good night, and raised her face to kiss me. 
Then she ran to the old man, who folded her in his arms and 
bade God bless her, 

"Sleep soundly, Nell, " he said in a low voice, ^' and angels 
guard thy bed. Do not forget thy prayers, my sweet." 

"No, indeed," answered the child,f ervently ; "they make me 
feel so happy. " 

"That's well; I know they do; they should," said the old 
man. "Bless thee a hundred times.'' Early in the morning I 
shall be home." 

"You'll. not ring twice," returned the child. "The bell 
wakes me even in the middle of a dream."" 

With this they separated. The child opened the door(no'>'J 
guarded by a shutter which I had heard the boy put up before 
he left the house), and with another farewell, whose clear and 
tender note I have recalled a thousand times, held it until vrs 
had passed out. The old man paused a moment while it was gent- 
ly closed end fastened on the inside, and, set isfied that thi« 
was done, walked on at a slow pace. At the street corner he 
stopped. Regarding me with a troubled countenance, he said 
that our ways were widely different , end that he must take his 
leave. I would have spoken, but summoning up more alacrity 
than might have been expected in one of his appearance, he hur- 
ried away. I could see that, twice or thrice, he looked back 
as if to ascertain if I were still watching him, or perhaps 
to assure himself that I was not following at a distance. The 
obscurity of the night favored his disappearance, and his fi'^ 
gure was soon beyond my sight, 

I remained standing on the spot where he had left me, un- 
willing to depart, and yet unknowing why I should loiter there 
I looked wistfully into the street we had lately quitted, and, 
after a time, directed my steps that way, I passed and re- 
passed the house, and stopped and listened at the door; all 
was dark and silent as the grave. 

Yet I lingered ©bout, and could not tear myself away; 
thinking of all possible harm thet might happen to the child 
of fires, and robber ies, and even murder end feeling as if some 



evil must ensue if I turned my beck upon th'=' place. The clo-5- 
Ing of a door or window m the street , brought me before the 
curiosity dealer's once -nore. I crossed the road, and looked 
up at the house, to assure myself that the noise had not come 
from there. No, it was blacit, cold , and lifeless as before. 

There were few passengers astir; the street was sad and 
dismal, and pretty well my own. A few stragglers from the thee 
ters hurried by, end, now and then, I turned aside to avoid some 
noisy drunkard as he reeled homeward; but these interruptions 
were not frequent, and soon ceased. The clock struck one. 
Still I paced up and down, promising myself that every time 
should be the last, and breaking faith with myself on some new 
plan, as often as I did so. 

The more I thought of what the old man had said, and of 
his looks and bearing, the less I could account for \7hat I had 
seen and heard. I had a strong misgiving that his nightly ab- 
sence was for no good purpose. I had only come to know the 
fact through the innocencence of the child; and though the old 
man was by at the time end saw ray undisguised surprise>^e had 
preserved a strange mystery on the subject and offered no word 
of explanation. These reflections naturally recalled again, 
more strongly than before, his haggard face, his wandering man- 
ner, his restless, anxious looks. His affection for the child 
might not be inconsistant with villainy of the worst kind; 
even that very affection was in itself an extraordinary con- 
tradiction, or how could he leave her thus? Disposed as I was 
to think badly of him. I never doubted that his love for her 
was real. I could not admit the thought , remembering what had 
passed between us, and the tone of voice in which he had called 
her by her name. 

"Stay here, of course," the child had said, in answer to my 
question,"! always do.'" V'/hat could take him from home by . 
nlgl-it,and every night? I called up all the strange tales I 
had ever heard, of dark and secret deeds committed in great 
towns, and escaping detection for a long series of years. Wild 
as many of these stories were, I could not find one adapted to 
this mystery, which only became the more impenetrable, in pro- 
portion as I sought to solve it. 

Occupied with such thoughts as these, and a crowd of oth- 
ers all tending to the same point, I continued to pace the 
street for two long hours. At length, the rain began to de- 
scend heavily; and then, overpowered by fatigue, though no less 
interested than I had been at first, I engaged the nearest 
coach and so got home, ^ A cheerful fire was blazing on the 
hearth, the lamp burned* brightly , ay clock received me with its 
old familiar welcome; everything was quiet, warm and cheering, 
and in happy contrast to the gloom and darkness I had quitted. 

I sat down in my easy chair, and falling back upon its am- 
ple cushions, pictured to myself the child in her bed; alone, 
unw8tched,uncared for (except by angels), yet sleeping peace- 
fully. So very young, so spiritual, so slight end fairy-like a 



creature passing the long dull nights in such an uncongenial 
place.* I could not dismiss it from my thoughts. 

We are so much in the habit of allowing impressions to be 
made upon us by' external objects, which should be produced by 
reflection alone, but which, without* such visible aids, often es-' 
cape us, that I am not sure I should have been so thoroughly 
possessed by this one subject, but for the heaps of fantastic 
things I had seen huddled together in the curiosity dealer's 
warehouse. These crowding on my mind, in connection with the 
child, and gathering around her, as it were, brought her condi«i^ 
tion palpably before me, I had her image, without any effort 
of imagination, surrouyided and beset by everything that was for- 
eign to its nature, and furthest removed from the sympathies 
of her sex and age. If these helps" to my fancy had all been 
wanting, and I had been forced to imagine her in a common cham- 
ber, with nothing unusual or uncouth in its appearance, it is 
very probable that I should have been less impressed with her 
strange and solitary state. As it was, she seemed to exist in 
a kind of allegory; and, having these shapes about her, claimed 
my interest so strongly , that (as I have already remarked) I 
could hot dismiss her from my recollect ion, do what I would. 
"It would be a curious speculation, " said I, after some 
restless turns across and across the room, "to imagine her in 
her future life, holding her solitary way amony a crowd of wild 
grotesque companions; the only pure, fresh, youthful object in 
the throng. It would be curious to find--" 

I checked myself here, for the theme was carrying me along 
with it at a great pace, and I already saw before me a region 
on which I was little disposed to enter. I ag reed with my- 
self that this was idle musing, and resolved to go to bed, and 
court forgetl^ilnese*. 

But all that night, waking or in my sleep, the same thoughts' 
occurred, and the same images retained possession of my brain 
I had.evSr before me, the old dark murky rooms--the gaunt suits 
of mail with their ghostly silent air--the faces all awry,grijv- 
ning from wood and stone--the dust, and rust, and worm that 
lives in wood--and alone in the midst of all this lumber and 
decay and ugly age, the beautiful child In her gentle slumber, 
smiling through her light and sunny dreams. 



